NURLAILA KHAIRUNNISA, . (2015) ISOLASI, SELEKSI, DAN KARAKTERISASI BAKTERI PENGHASIL BIOSURFAKTAN DARI LOKASI TERCEMAR HIDROKARBON DI KAWASAN TELUK JAKARTA. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.
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Abstract
Limbah minyak bumi menimbulkan dampak buruk bagi lingkungan dan organisme hidup karena bersifat toksik. Minyak bumi terdiri dari alkana, sikloalkana, aromatik, poliaromatik (PAH), dan senyawa hidrokarbon lainnya yang memiliki kelarutan rendah dalam air sehingga sulit didegradasi. Biosurfaktan merupakan senyawa penurun tegangan permukaan (surfaktan) yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme. Senyawa ini berperan dalam meningkatkan kelarutan hidrokarbon sehingga mempercepat proses biodegradasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bakteri penghasil biosurfaktan dari lokasi tercemar hidrokarbon di kawasan Teluk Jakarta. Sampel diambil dari tanah yang tercemar di tepi sungai dan pelabuhan kapal nelayan di daerah Cilincing yang bermuara ke Teluk Jakarta. Kultur pengayaan dilakukan dalam mineral salt medium (MSM) yang ditambahkan dengan dua sumber karbon berbeda, yaitu minyak mentah dan oli bekas. Isolasi dilakukan dengan metode cawan tuang. Sebanyak 64 isolat bakteri yang didapat pada tahap isolasi kemudian diuji kemampuannya dalam menghasilkan biosurfaktan dengan metode blood haemolysis test, drop collapsing test, dan oil displacement test. Isolat yang positif menghasilkan biosurfaktan kemudian dikarakterisasi berdasarkan morfologi koloni, morfologi sel, tipe Gram, dan kemampuan mendegradasi naftalena. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, didapatkan 23 isolat bakteri (lokasi I = 9; lokasi II = 14) yang menghasilkan biosurfaktan. Satu di antaranya adalah bakteri Gram positif, dan 22 lainnya adalah bakteri Gram negatif. Di antara bakteri penghasil biosurfaktan yang didapat, 4 isolat memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi naftalena, yaitu isolat 1Acu-3, 1Bcu-13, 2Bcu-24, dan 2Bcu-27. ***** Petroleum waste giving negative impacts to the environment and living organisms due to its toxicity. Petroleum is composed of alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic, polyaromatic (PAH), and other hydrocarbon compounds that have low solubility in water which causing the compounds are difficult to degrade. Biosurfactants are surface tension-lowering compounds (surfactant) produced by microorganisms. These compounds play a role in increasing the solubility of hydrocarbon thus accelerating the process of biodegradation. This study aims to obtain biosurfactant- producing bacteria from hydrocarbon contaminated sites in the Gulf of Jakarta. Samples were taken from contaminated soil on the banks of a river and a fishing boats harbor in Cilincing which empties into the Gulf of Jakarta. Enrichment culture was performed in mineral salt medium (MSM) supplemented with two different carbon sources: crude oil and used oil. Bacteria isolation was performed with pour plate method. A total of 64 bacterial isolates which were obtained from isolation stage then tested for their ability to produce biosurfactant by blood haemolysis test, drop collapsing test, and oil displacement test. Positive isolates obtained then characterized based on colony and cell morphology, Gram types, and the ability to degrade naphthalene. Based on the test results, 23 bacterial isolates (location I = 9; location II = 14) are able to produce biosurfactant. One of them is a Gram-positive bacteria, and 22 others are Gram-negative bacteria. Among the biosurfactant-producing bacteria which were obtained, 4 isolates are capable to degrade naphthalene (1Acu-3, 1Bcu- 13, 2Bcu-24, and 2Bcu-27).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | 1). Dra. Tri Handayani Kurniati, M.Si. ; 2). Dra. Muzajjanah, M.Kes. |
| Subjects: | Sains > Ilmu Bumi > Biologi |
| Divisions: | FMIPA > S1 Biologi |
| Depositing User: | Users 14614 not found. |
| Date Deposited: | 31 May 2022 02:54 |
| Last Modified: | 31 May 2022 02:54 |
| URI: | http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/29434 |
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