KARAKTERISASI KITOSAN LIMBAH KULIT UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon Fab.) DAN KERANG DARAH (Anadara granosa L.) PADA FILM BIOPLASTIK PATI SINGKONG (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

SHINTA NOPITA SUCI, . (2025) KARAKTERISASI KITOSAN LIMBAH KULIT UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon Fab.) DAN KERANG DARAH (Anadara granosa L.) PADA FILM BIOPLASTIK PATI SINGKONG (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Masalah sampah plastik yang meningkat dan pemanfaatan limbah perikanan yang kurang optimal mendorong pengembangan film bioplastik berbasis pati singkong sebagai solusi ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini mengkaji karakteristik kitosan dari limbah kulit udang windu dan kerang darah, serta menentukan konsentrasi optimal (2%, 3%, 4%) untuk sifat fisik dan mekanik film bioplastik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan eksperimental. Metode eksperimen mencakup pembuatan dan ekstraksi kitosan dari limbah kulit udang windu dan kerang darah, ekstraksi pati singkong, pembuatan bioplastik, serta pengujian sifat fisik dan mekanik (ketebalan, daya serap air, ketahanan air, biodegradabilitas, derajat deasetilasi, kuat tarik, dan elongasi). Metode deskriptif digunakan untuk analisis struktur FTIR kitosan. Kitosan diekstraksi melalui demineralisasi, deproteinasi, dan deasetilasi, kemudian dicampur dengan pati singkong menggunakan metode blending untuk membuat film bioplastik. Film diuji untuk ketebalan, ketahanan air, biodegradasi, kuat tarik, dan elongasi, serta derajat deasetilasi dihitung dengan rasio A1655/A3450 menggunakan metode baseline. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kitosan dari kulit udang windu memiliki rendemen 16,16% dan derajat deasetilasi (DD) 62,51%, sementara kitosan dari kerang darah memiliki rendemen 14,55% dan DD 67,52%. Film bioplastik yang dihasilkan memiliki ketebalan 0,19 - 0,25 mm, dengan karakteristik terbaik pada konsentrasi 4% kitosan dari kulit udang windu, yaitu ketahanan air 80,52 ± 6,20%, kuat tarik 1,27 MPa, elongasi 157%, dan biodegradabilitas 74,9 ± 2,94% dalam 7 hari. Film bioplastik ini memenuhi standar Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS 2-1707) dan berpotensi sebagai kemasan fleksibel yang ramah lingkungan. Kata kunci : Kitosan, kulit udang, kerang darah, bioplastik, pati singkong. ***** The increasing plastic waste problem and the suboptimal utilization of fishery waste have driven the development of cassava starch-based bioplastic films as an environmentally friendly solution. This study examines the characteristics of chitosan derived from tiger shrimp shell waste and blood cockle shells and determines the optimal concentration (2%, 3%, 4%) for the physical and mechanical properties of bioplastic films. The research methods used include descriptive and experimental approaches. The experimental method covers the production and extraction of chitosan from tiger shrimp shell waste and blood cockle shells, cassava starch extraction, bioplastic film production, and testing of physical and mechanical properties such as thickness, water absorption, water resistance, biodegradability, degree of deacetylation, tensile strength, and elongation. The descriptive method was used for the FTIR structural analysis of chitosan. Chitosan was extracted through demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation, then blended with cassava starch to produce bioplastic films. The films were tested for thickness, water resistance, biodegradability, tensile strength, and elongation, while the degree of deacetylation was calculated using the A1655/A3450 ratio with the baseline method. The results showed that chitosan from tiger shrimp shells had a yield of 16.16% and a degree of deacetylation (DD) of 62.51%, while chitosan from blood cockle shells had a yield of 14.55% and a DD of 67.52%. The bioplastic films produced had a thickness of 0.19 - 0.25 mm, with the best characteristics at 4% chitosan concentration from tiger shrimp shells, which resulted in water resistance of 80.52 ± 6.20%, tensile strength of 1.27 MPa, elongation of 157%, and biodegradability of 74.9 ± 2.94% within 7 days. These bioplastic films meet the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS 2-1707) and hold potential as flexible and environmentally friendly packaging materials. Keywords: Chitosan, prawn shells, blood cockle, bioplastik, cassava starch.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1). Ns. Sri Rahayu, M.Biomed. 2). Rizky Priambodo, M.Si.
Subjects:	Sains > Sains, Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Sains > Kimia
Divisions:	FMIPA > S1 Biologi
Depositing User:	Users 26690 not found.
Date Deposited:	25 Feb 2025 07:34
Last Modified:	25 Feb 2025 07:34
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/53450

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