ROBIATUL ADAWIYAH, . (2020) ANALISIS DAN SOLUSI SISTEM PROTEKSI KEBAKARAN AKTIF PADA GATHERING STATION V DI PT. CHEVRON PACIFIC INDONESIA. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.
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Abstract
Kebakaran dapat terjadi karena beberapa faktor diantaranya berasal dari hidrokarbon cair, seperti oil dan fuel (Nwabueze, 2016). Menurut Chang & Lin (2006), dari tahun 1960 hingga 2003 terdapat 242 kasus yang terdiri dari 74,38% kecelakaan terjadi di kilang minyak dan penyimpanan minyak sedangkan 25,62% kecelakaan terjadi di industri lainnya (listrik, gas dan pipa). Tercatat beberapa kasus kecelakaan disebabkan oleh kebakaran dan ledakan yang menimbulkan korban dan kerugian., pada tahun 1944 terjadi ledakan pertama di dunia pada tangki cryogenic, ketika tangki tiba-tiba bocor kemudian terbakar dan meledak yang menewaskan 133 orang dan lebih dari 300 orang terluka dengan kerugian ekonomi 8 juta dollar (Hu, et al, 2018). Pada Gathering Station V di PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia (CPI), khususnya wilayah Minas merupakan Gathering Station terbesar di wilayah Riau terdapat tangki berisi crude oil. Dalam mengurangi risiko yang ditimbulkan karena kebakaran dan ledakan, maka diperlukan sistem proteksi kebakaran aktif yang sesuai dengan standar. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian manual assessment. Dari hasil pengamatan di PT. CPI, wilayah Minas didapatkan bahwa hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa kondisi lapangan pada Gathering Station V di PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia terdapat beberapa kategori hazard yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadi kebakaran dan ledakan diantaranya extreme risk sebesar 21,42%, high risk sebesar 64, 28% dan medium risk sebesar 21,42%. Terdapat beberapa sistem proteksi kebakaran aktif pada tangki crude oil yang tidak sesuai dengan standar diantaranya foam chamber, fire monitor dan hydrant. Hasil perhitungan pada salah satu tangki dengan menggunakan SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering dihasilkan bahwa Heat Release Rate (HRR) sebesar 210.568,61 kW, Burning Duration selama 51 jam 57 menit dan Flame Height setinggi 17,67 m. Dampak lingkungan yang disebabkan karena kebakaran dan ledakan pada Gathering Station V yaitu dapat berdampak efek domino pada tangki-tangki disekitarnya dan mengakibatkan peningkatan suhu pada peralatan yang terpapar radiasi panas serta berpotensi menyebabkan luka bakar tingkat satu jika terpapar selama 10 detik. Solusi yang dapat diberikan untuk mencegah terjadinya kebakaran dan ledakan pada Gathering Station V yaitu harus memperhatikan desain, peralatan/instrumen, konstruksi dan maintenance dengan baik dan sesuai dengan standar serta meningkatkan operasional/manajemen dengan baik dan efektif. Fire can occur due to several factors including liquid hydrocarbons, such as oil and fuel (Nwabueze, 2016). According to Chang & Lin (2006), from 1960 to 2003 there were 242 cases consisting of 74.38% of accidents occurring in oil refineries and oil storage while 25.62% of accidents occurred in other industries (electricity, gas and pipelines). Recorded several cases of accidents caused by fire and explosion that caused casualties and losses. In 1944 there was the first explosion in the world in a cryogenic tank, when the tank suddenly leaked then caught fire and exploded which killed 133 people and killed more than 300 people with injuries economy of 8 million dollars (Hu, et al, 2018). At Gathering Station V in PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia (CPI), especially the Minas area is the largest Gathering Station in Riau, there is a tank containing crude oil. In reducing the risk caused by fire and explosion, an active fire protection system that is in accordance with the standards is needed. This research uses manual assessment. From observations at PT. CPI, Minas area obtained from research results obtained from the field at Gathering Station V at PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia has several hazard categories that can occur as a result of extreme risk of 21.42%, high risk of 64.28% and moderate risk of 21.42%. There are several active protection systems on crude oil tanks that do not comply with the standards provided by the foam chamber, fire monitor and hydrants. The results of calculations on one of the tanks using SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering produces a Heat Release Rate (HRR) of 210,568.61 kW, Burning Duration of 51 hours 57 minutes and Flame Height of 17.67 m. The environmental impact caused by fire and explosion at Gathering Station V can affect the effects of the tanks in question and increase the temperature rise in equipment exposed to heat radiation and repair burns caused by exposure for 10 seconds. Solutions that can be provided to prevent fire and explosion disasters at Gathering Station V that must pay attention to design, equipment/ instruments, construction and maintenance properly and in accordance with standards and improve operations/ management properly and effectively.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | 1). Dr. Himawan Hadi Sutrisno, S.T., M.T ; 2). Triyono, S.T., M.Eng |
| Subjects: | Teknologi dan Ilmu Terapan > Teknik Mesin, Mekanika Teknik |
| Divisions: | FT > S1 Pendidikan Teknik Mesin |
| Depositing User: | Users 2111 not found. |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Mar 2020 16:08 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Mar 2020 16:08 |
| URI: | http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/5752 |
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