PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERMUATAN RESOLUSI KONFLIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL ANAK USIA DINI

DIAN TRI UTAMI, . (2026) PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERMUATAN RESOLUSI KONFLIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL ANAK USIA DINI. Doktor thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Kemampuan anak untuk berinteraksi secara efektif, menyelesaikan permasalahan yang muncul dari interaksi, serta menyesuaikan diri dengan norma-norma sosial adalah keterampilan sosial yang diharapkan berkembang sejak usia dini dan menjadi bagian dari keterampilan abad 21 yang harus dimiliki anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model problem based learning bermuatan resolusi konflik untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sosial anak usia 5–6 tahun. Metode penelitian menggunakan R&D Borg & Gall melalui 10 tahapan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Studi pendahuluan memperlihatkan bahwa keterampilan sosial anak masih rendah, permasalahan masih kerap dijumpai, antara lain rendahnya kemampuan komunikasi, keterbatasan empati, kesulitan bekerja sama, tingginya perilaku agresif, serta kurangnya kemampuan anak dalam memecahkan masalah; (2) Pembelajaran saat ini masih berpusat pada guru, belum ada pembelajaran yang dirancang khusus untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sosial; (3) Penelitian berhasil mengembangkan model pembelajaran (JARMAREKA: pembelajaran berbasis masalah muatan resolusi konflik anak). Setiap kegiatan dirancang untuk menghadirkan konflik sosial yang kontekstual dan bermakna, sehingga mampu menciptakan suasana belajar yang menyenangkan serta mendorong anak untuk mengembangkan keterampilan sosial. Kegiatan bermain berbantuan media buku cerita bergambar yang merepresentasikan konflik anak, meliputi Aku Menghargai Perbedaan, Aku Belajar Tenang, Aku Bisa Aku Keren, Aku Yakin Aku Bisa, Aku Mau Berbagi, Aku Pandai Mengungkapkan, Aku Senang Bekerja Sama, Aku Tegas Aku Santun.; (4) Model JARMAREKA layak digunakan berdasarkan uji kelayakan oleh pakar; (5) Model JARMAREKA juga terbukti efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sosial anak usia dini dengan perhitungan statistic parametrik serta N Gain Score. Secara kualitatif teramati model JARMAREKA memfasilitasi anak menemukan konflik atas masalah secara aktif lewat aktivitas bermain yang menyenangkan dan relevan. Hal ini membantu anak mengembangkan keterampilan sosial secara holistik: kepekaan sosial, komunikasi, pengendalian diri, tanggung jawab dan kerja sama. Oleh karena itu, model ini direkomendasikan untuk digunakan disatuan PAUD dan dikembangkan lebih lanjut dalam pendekatan kuantitatif dengan sampel yang lebih luas oleh peneliti selanjutnya. Kata Kunci: Keterampilan Sosial Anak Usia Dini, Problem Based Learning, Resolusi Konflik, Pengembangan Model, Buku Cerita Bergambar, Jarmareka ***** Development of a Problem Based Learning Model Integrating Conflict Resolution to Enhance Social Skills in Early Childhood Dian Tri Utami Postgraduate School, Universitas Negeri Jakarta ABSTRACT Children’s ability to interact effectively, resolve problems arising from social interactions, and adapt to social norms constitutes social skills that are expected to develop from early childhood and form an essential part of 21st-century skills. This study aims to develop a conflict resolution–integrated problem-based learning model to enhance the social skills of children aged 5–6 years. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach based on Borg and Gall’s model, implemented through ten research stages. The findings indicate that: (1) The preliminary study revealed that children’s social skills were still relatively low, with frequent problems observed, including limited communication skills, low empathy, difficulties in cooperation, high levels of aggressive behavior, and inadequate problem-solving abilities; (2) Current learning practices remain predominantly teacher-centered, and no learning model has been specifically designed to foster children’s social skills; (3) This research successfully developed a learning model, namely JARMAREKA (a problem-based learning model integrating conflict resolution for children). Each learning activity is designed to present contextual and meaningful social conflicts, thereby creating an enjoyable learning environment and encouraging children to develop social skills. Learning activities are conducted through play-based learning supported by illustrated storybook media representing children’s social conflicts, including themes such as Respecting Differences, Learning to Stay Calm, I Can and I Am Great, I Believe I Can, I Want to Share, I Am Able to Express Myself, I Enjoy Working Together, and I Am Assertive and Polite; (4) The JARMAREKA model was deemed feasible for implementation based on expert validation results; (5) The JARMAREKA model was also proven effective in improving early childhood social skills, as evidenced by parametric statistical analysis and N-Gain score calculations. Qualitative observations further demonstrated that the JARMAREKA model facilitates children’s active engagement in identifying and resolving conflicts through enjoyable and relevant play-based activities. This process supports the holistic development of children’s social skills, including social awareness, communication, self-regulation, responsibility, and cooperation. Therefore, this model is recommended for implementation in early childhood education settings and for further development through quantitative research with larger sample sizes in future studies. Keywords: Early Childhood Social Skills, Problem-Based Learning, Conflict Resolution, Model Development, Illustrated Storybooks, JARMAREKA

Item Type:	Thesis (Doktor)
Additional Information:	1). Dr. Hapidin, M.Pd; 2). Prof. Dr.Asep Supena, M.Psi.
Subjects:	Ilmu Sosial > Ilmu Sosial (Umum) Pendidikan > Aneka Ragam tentang Pendidikan Pendidikan > Pendidikan Dasar > Pendidikan Anak
Divisions:	PASCASARJANA > S3 Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Depositing User:	Dian Tri Utami .
Date Deposited:	15 Apr 2026 07:48
Last Modified:	15 Apr 2026 07:48
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/66169

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