PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN LINGKUNGAN PEMBELAJARAN LITERASI SAINS DI MADRASAH ALIYAH

SISKA MERRYDIAN, . (2026) PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN LINGKUNGAN PEMBELAJARAN LITERASI SAINS DI MADRASAH ALIYAH. Doktor thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Hasil PISA dan AKMI menunjukkan rendahnya literasi sains siswa, khususnya pada siswa madrasah aliyah. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhinya adalah lingkungan pembelajaran. Penilaian terhadap lingkungan pembelajaran literasi sains di madrasah aliyah hingga saat ini belum dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengembangkan instrumen lingkungan pembelajaran literasi sains siswa di madrasah aliyah yang praktis, berguna, valid, reliabel, dan menghasilkan pensekoran pengukuran. Prosedur pengembangan instrumen dilakukan dalam 4 (empat) tahap: kajian literatur, pembuatan item, uji coba, dan finalisasi intrumen. Instrumen yang terbentuk mencakup 8 (delapan) dimensi, yaitu komunikasi sains, investigasi sains, penggunaan informasi ilmiah, dukungan guru, kerjasama, keterlibatan, keadilan dan spiritualitas sains. Data dikumpulkan melalui uji coba instrumen skala kecil dan skala luas. Sampel uji coba skala kecil yang digunakan pada penelitian sebanyak 113 siswa, dan uji coba skala luas sebanyak 923 siswa kelas XI madrasah aliyah di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Uji kepraktisan dan uji ketergunaan dilakukan, dengan hasil menunjukkan bahwa instrumen tergolong sangat praktis (95,8%) dan memiliki tingkat ketergunaan kategori excellent (86,25). Validitas instrumen dibuktikan dengan validitas isi, kontruk dan kriteria. Validitas isi dibuktikan dengan validasi pakar dan panelis. Pakar memberikan masukan menyeluruh terhadap isi, bahasa, dan karakteristik instrumen. Hasil validasi panelis yang dihitung dengan V Aiken dari 59 butir menyisakan 56 butir. Validitas konstruk dibuktikan melalui analisis Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) dan Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Hasil EFA baik uji coba skala kecil maupun luas menunjukkan bahwa terbetuk delapan dimensi pada instrumen, sedangkan hasil CFA pada skala kecil menunjukkan terdapat 7 butir yang harus dieliminasi karena memiliki nilai beban faktor < 0,55, sehingga tersisa 49 butir yang memenuhi kriteria. Analisis psikometrika dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Item Response Theory (IRT). Hasil uji coba skala kecil menunjukkan bahwa data paling sesuai dengan model Generalized Partial Credit Model (GPCM). Berdasarkan analisis butir, terdapat 4 butir yang tidak memenuhi kriteria kecocokan, sehingga tersisa 45 butir yang dinyatakan memenuhi kriteria. Selanjutnya, pada uji coba skala luas, data juga menunjukkan kecocokan dengan model GPCM. Hasil analisis butir pada tahap ini menunjukkan adanya 2 butir yang tidak fit, sehingga diperoleh 43 butir yang dinyatakan layak digunakan. Reliabilitas menggunakan koefisien McDonald’s Omega (ω) menunjukkan bahwa setiap dimensi maupun instrumen secara keseluruhan berada pada kategori sangat tinggi (0,965). Analisis lanjutan melalui G-study dan D-study menunjukkan bahwa instrumen yang terdiri atas 43 butir pernyataan dan melibatkan 923 siswa bersifat andal serta dapat digeneralisasikan, dengan nilai koefisien G sebesar 0,97. Validitas kriteria dibuktikan melalui korelasi antara instrumen penelitian dengan instrumen lain yang relevan. Hasil uji coba skala luas menunjukkan bahwa instrumen penelitian berkorelasi sangat kuat terhadap instrumen lain yang relevan. Hasil akhir instrumen terdiri atas 43 butir pernyataan yang mencakup 8 (delapan) dimensi: komunikasi sains (9 butir), investigasi sains (3 butir), penggunaan informasi ilmiah (4 butir), dukungan guru (7 butir), kerjasama (3 butir), keterlibatan (5 butir), keadilan (6 butir), dan spiritualitas sains (6 butir), dinyatakan praktis, berguna, valid, dan reliabel. Hasil estimasi parameter kecenderungan perilaku lingkungan pembelajaran literasi sains siswa di madrasah aliyah menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa berada pada band 2 (memerlukan penguatan) dan band 3 (memiliki perilaku baik sesuai harapan). ***** PISA and AKMI results indicate low levels of science literacy among students, particularly among madrasah aliyah students. One of the factors influencing this is the learning environment. To date, no assessment of the science literacy learning environment in madrasah aliyah has been conducted. The purpose of this study is to develop a practical, useful, valid, and reliable instrument for assessing the science literacy learning environment of students in madrasah aliyah, which also generates measurement scores. The instrument development procedure was carried out in 4 (four) stages: literature review, item development, pilot testing, and instrument finalization. The resulting instrument covers 8 (eight) dimensions, namely science communication, scientific inquiry, use of scientific information, teacher support, collaboration, involvement, equity, and scientific spirituality. Data were collected through small-scale and large-scale pilot tests. The small-scale pilot sample consisted of 113 students, while the large-scale pilot involved 923 eleventh-grade students at madrasah aliyah in the Jakarta Capital Region. Practicability and usability tests were conducted, with the results showing that the instrument is highly practical (95.8%) and has an excellent level of usability (86.25). The instrument’s validity was demonstrated through content, construct, and criterion validity. Content validity was established through expert and panelist validation. Experts provided comprehensive feedback on the content, language, and characteristics of the instrument. The panelist validation results, calculated using Aiken’s V from 59 items, left 56 items. Construct validity was demonstrated through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The EFA results, both from the small-scale and large-scale trials, indicated the formation of eight dimensions within the instrument, while the CFA results from the small-scale trial showed that 7 items needed to be eliminated due to factor loadings < 0.55, leaving 49 items that met the criteria. Psychometric analysis in this study employed the Item Response Theory (IRT) approach. Results from the pilot study indicated that the data best fit the Generalized Partial Credit Model (GPCM). Based on item analysis, 4 items did not meet fit criteria, leaving 45 items that met the criteria. Furthermore, in the large-scale pilot test, the data also showed a good fit with the GPCM model. Item analysis at this stage revealed 2 items that did not fit, resulting in 43 items deemed suitable for use. Reliability, measured using McDonald’s Omega (ω) coefficient, indicated that both each dimension and the instrument as a whole fell into the very high category (0.965). Further analysis via G-study and D-study indicates that the instrument, consisting of 43 items and involving 923 students, is reliable and generalizable, with a G coefficient of 0.97. Criterion validity was demonstrated through correlations between the research instrument and other relevant instruments. Results from a large-scale pilot test indicate that the research instrument shows a very strong correlation with other relevant instruments. The final version of the instrument consists of 43 items covering 8 (eight) dimensions: science communication (9 items), science investigation (3 items), use of scientific information (4 items), teacher support (7 items), collaboration (3 items), involvement (5 items), equity (6 items), and science spirituality (6 items), which were found to be practical, useful, valid, and reliable. The results of parameter estimates regarding students’ science literacy learning environment behavioral tendencies in senior high schools indicate that the majority of students fall into Band 2 (requiring reinforcement) and Band 3 (exhibiting good behavior as expected). Key words: instrument development, learning environment, science literacy, psychometrics, madrasah.

Item Type: Thesis (Doktor)
Additional Information: 1). Prof. Dr. Wardani Rahayu, M.Si.; 2). Dr. Riyadi, M.T.
Subjects: Pendidikan > Teori, Penelitian Pendidikan
Divisions: PASCASARJANA > S3 Penelitian Dan Evaluasi Pendidikan
Depositing User: Siska Merrydian .
Date Deposited: 05 May 2026 03:10
Last Modified: 05 May 2026 07:17
URI: http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/66224

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