PROGRAM KENDARAAN BERMOTOR NIAGA SEDERHANA : PENGEMBANGAN MOBIL NASIO- NAL (1976 – 1998)

AHMAD ALIF RAMADHAN, . (2026) PROGRAM KENDARAAN BERMOTOR NIAGA SEDERHANA : PENGEMBANGAN MOBIL NASIO- NAL (1976 – 1998). Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas sejarah perkembangan moda transportasi mobil di Indo-nesia serta langkah strategis pemerintah dalam mengembangkan mobil nasional melalui program Kendaraan Bermotor Niaga Sederhana pada rentang tahun 1976 hingga 1998. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dinamika perkembangan trans-portasi mobil di Indonesia, serta menganalisis faktor, alasan, hambatan, dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah dalam mewujudkan mobil nasional melalui program KBNS. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah yang meliputi lima tahapan utama: pemilihan topik, heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gagasan mobil nasional berawal dari keter-gantungan Indonesia terhadap impor mobil utuh yang merugikan devisa negara. Sebagai respons, pemerintah Orde Baru menerapkan strategi substitusi impor dan kebijakan pela-rangan impor secara utuh atau Completely Build Up (CBU) pada 1974, disusul dengan kebijakan Deletion Program pada 1976 yang mewajibkan pabrikan menggunakan kom-ponen lokal. Program KBNS kemudian diluncurkan untuk memproduksi kendaraan fungsional yang terjangkau bagi masyarakat pedesaan dan mendorong industri komponen domestik, yang menghasilkan beberapa prototipe dan model seperti Toyota Kijang, Dats-un Sena, Vauxhall Morina, dan VW Mitra. Meskipun KBNS sukses membangun ekosi-stem perakitan lokal, program ini gagal mendorong transfer teknologi inti dari pihak asing. Cita-cita kemandirian otomotif kemudian mengalami penyimpangan melalui kebijakan Mobil Nasional (Mobnas) "Timor" pada 1996, yang pada akhirnya membuat impian mo-bil nasional gagal terwujud akibat regulasi yang terus berubah hingga memberi celah un-tuk terjadi nepotisme. ***** This study examines the historical development of motorized transportation in Indonesia and the government's strategic steps to develop a national car through the Simple Commercial Vehicle (KSM) program between 1976 and 1998. The aim is to describe the dynamics of motorized transportation development in Indonesia and analyze the factors, reasons, obstacles, and challenges faced by the government in achieving a national car through the KBNS program. This study uses a historical research method consisting of five main stages: topic selection, heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The findings indicate that the idea of a national car emerged from Indonesia's dependence on imported fully assembled cars, which was burdening the country's foreign exchange reserves. In response, the New Order government implemented an import substitution strategy and a policy banning the import of completely assembled vehicles (CBU) in 1974, followed by the Elimination Program policy in 1976, which mandated the use of local components by manufacturers. The KBNS program was launched to produce affordable and functional vehicles for rural communities and to encourage the domestic component industry, resulting in several prototypes and models such as the Toyota Kijang, Datsun Sena, Vauxhall Morina, and VW Mitra. Although the KBNS succeeded in creating a local assembly ecosystem, the program failed to incentivize the transfer of key technology from foreign companies. The ideals of automotive independence were further undermined by the 1996 "Timor" national car policy (Mobnas), which ultimately prevented the dream of a national car from becoming a reality due to constantly changing regulations and the promotion of nepotism.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1). Dr. Muhammad Fakhruddin, M.Si. ; 2). Muhammad Hasmi Yanuardi, S.S., M.Hum.
Subjects:	Ilmu Sejarah > Kronologis Sejarah
Divisions:	FIS > S1 Pendidikan Sejarah
Depositing User:	Ahmad Alif Ramadhan .
Date Deposited:	21 Jul 2026 07:36
Last Modified:	21 Jul 2026 07:36
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/66841

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