MUHAMMAD LUTHFI EKO NUR PRASETYO, . (2026) TRANSFORMASI SAREKAT ISLAM: DARI ORGANISASI MASSA MENJADI PARTAI POLITIK TAHUN 1912-1923. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.
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Abstract
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji proses transformasi struktural Sarekat Islam dari organisasi dagang islam pribumi menjadi partai politik dari tahun 1912-1923. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan proses perubahan struktural dalam organisasi Sarekat Islam dari sebuah organisasi massa yang berisikan pedagang Islam pribumi menjadi partai politik yang bergerak secara non-kooperatif dan dinamika internal dan eksternal organisasi yang mempengaruhi perubahan struktural Sarekat Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah melalui tahapan heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan penulisan sejarah. Sumber penelitian terdiri atas sumber primer berupa arsip, dan surat kabar sezaman, serta sumber sekunder berupa buku, jurnal, dan karya ilmiah relevan. Pendekatan penulisan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-naratif dengan teknik pengambilan data pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode studi Pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi sosial-ekonomi masyarakat Jawa yang memprihatinkan akibat sistem Cultuurstelsel dan politik liberal memicu lahirnya kesadaran nasional pada masa Politik Etis. Salah satu manifestasi gerakan tersebut adalah Sarekat Islam (SI), yang mengalami transformasi struktural dan ideologis yang dinamis. Berawal dari perkumpulan ronda pedagang batik Laweyan bernama Rekso Roemekso, perkumpulan ini berkembang menjadi Sarekat Dagang Islam, beralih ke organisasi sosial-ekonomi kooperatif bernama SI, hingga akhirnya bertransformasi menjadi Partai Sarekat Islam (PSI) yang non-kooperatif pada tahun 1923. Perubahan ini dipicu oleh dinamika eksternal, seperti pembekuan aktivitas SDI, taktik divide et impera pemerintah kolonial melalui pembatasan pengesahan Anggaran Dasar nasional, konflik di Volksraad, serta peristiwa Toli-Toli dan Cimareme. Secara internal, transformasi dipengaruhi oleh munculnya CSI “tandingan” dan infiltrasi kaum komunis yang memaksa diterapkannya kebijakan disiplin partai, yang berujung pada perpecahan SI Merah dan SI Putih. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa transformasi menjadi PSI bukan sekadar perubahan nama, melainkan respons adaptif dan strategi bertahan organisasi dalam menghadapi tekanan politik kolonial serta polarisasi ideologi internal. ***** This study examines the process of structural transformation of Sarekat Islam from a local Islamic trade organization into a political party from 1912 to 1923. The primary focus of this study is to describe the process of structural change within Sarekat Islam from a mass organization comprising local Muslim merchants into a political party operating in a non-cooperative manner, as well as the internal and external dynamics that influenced this structural transformation. The research method employed is the historical method, which involves the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historical writing. The research sources consist of primary sources, such as archival documents and contemporary newspapers, as well as secondary sources, such as books, journals, and relevant academic works. The writing approach used in this study is descriptive-narrative, aiming to describe the process of structural transformation as well as the internal and external dynamics of Sarekat Islam that led to its transformation into the Sarekat Islam Party. The data collection method in this study employed a literature review. The results of the research indicate that the dire socioeconomic conditions of the Javanese people—resulting from the Cultuurstelsel and liberal policies—sparked the emergence of national consciousness during the Ethical Policy era. One manifestation of this movement was the Sarekat Islam (SI), which underwent dynamic structural and ideological transformations. Beginning as a night patrol group of Laweyan batik merchants called Rekso Roemekso, this group evolved into the Sarekat Dagang Islam, then shifted to a cooperative socio-economic organization known as SI, and finally transformed into the non-cooperative Partai Sarekat Islam (PSI) in 1923. These changes were triggered by external dynamics, such as the suspension of SDI activities, the colonial government’s “divide and conquer” tactics through restrictions on the ratification of the national constitution, conflicts within the Volksraad, and the events in Toli-Toli and Cimareme. Internally, the transformation was influenced by the emergence of a “rival” CSI and communist infiltration, which forced the implementation of party discipline policies, ultimately leading to the split between the Red SI and the White SI. This study confirms that the transformation into the PSI was not merely a name change, but rather an adaptive response and survival strategy by the organization in the face of colonial political pressure and internal ideological polarization.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
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| Additional Information: | 1). Dr. Kurniawati, M.Si. ; 2). Muhammad Hasmi Yanuardi, S.S., M.Hum. |
| Subjects: | Ilmu Sejarah > Kronologis Sejarah |
| Divisions: | FIS > S1 Pendidikan Sejarah |
| Depositing User: | Muh. Luthfi Eko Nur Prasetyo . |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2026 02:55 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2026 02:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/66880 |
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