MUHAMMAD NUR FA'IZ, . (2026) PERKEMBANGAN KELEMBAGAAN LEMBAGA PENERBANGAN DAN ANGKASALUAR NASIONAL (LAPAN) TAHUN 1962-1967. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.
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Abstract
Penelitian historis ini mengkaji proses pelembagaan, masa kejayaan, hingga kelumpuhan operasional Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional (LAPAN) pada tahun 1962–1967. Latar belakang penelitian ini bertolak dari argumen bahwa program kedirgantaraan era Demokrasi Terpimpin bukan sekadar pencapaian teknis sains, melainkan manifestasi supremasi geopolitik negara dalam konstelasi Perang Dingin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah kritis Louis Gottschalk yang meliputi heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi (analisis kausalitas), serta historiografi. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan pendekatan sejarah institusional untuk membedah tingkat otonomi, keterpaduan internal, dan kapasitas adaptasi organisasi saat menghadapi pergolakan politik ekstrem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelembagaan LAPAN melewati tiga fase struktural. Pertama, fase rintisan awal atau embrio (1962) melalui pembentukan kepanitiaan. Kedua, fase formatif dan operasional (1963–1965) yang sukses meluncurkan roket Kartika-I berkat patronase politik Presiden Soekarno dan otonomi khusus Komodor Udara Nurtanio. Namun, struktur kelembagaan ini amat rapuh. Ketiga, memasuki fase krisis pada masa transisi Orde Baru (1966–1967), LAPAN mengalami kelumpuhan berantai akibat pemotongan anggaran oleh teknokrat ekonomi dan bencana alam di Pameungpeuk. Puncaknya, gugurnya Nurtanio pada Maret 1966 memicu kekosongan kepemimpinan yang menghancurkan keterpaduan korps dan melumpuhkan operasional perakitan roket. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa berhentinya program antariksa pertama Indonesia pada akhir 1967 murni diakibatkan oleh lenyapnya otonomi prosedural dan kegagalan adaptasi organisasi di tengah pusaran transisi kekuasaan, bukan karena ketidakmampuan perakitan teknologi. ***** This historical research examines the institutionalization process, the golden age, and the operational paralysis of the National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) in the 1962–1967 period. The background of this study stems from the argument that the aerospace program during the Guided Democracy era was not merely a technical achievement of science, but a manifestation of the state's geopolitical supremacy within the Cold War constellation. This study utilizes Louis Gottschalk's critical historical method, which encompasses heuristics, source criticism, interpretation (causality analysis), and historiography. This study applies an institutional history approach to dissect the levels of autonomy, internal cohesion, and organizational adaptation capacity when facing extreme political upheavals. The results indicate that the institutionalization of LAPAN went through three structural phases. First, the initial pioneering or embryonic phase (1962) through the formation of committees. Second, the formative and operational phase (1963–1965), which successfully launched the Kartika-I rocket due to the political patronage of President Soekarno and the specific autonomy of Air Commodore Nurtanio. However, this institutional structure was highly fragile. Third, entering the crisis phase during the New Order transition (1966–1967), LAPAN experienced a chain of paralysis caused by budget cuts implemented by economic technocrats and a natural disaster in Pameungpeuk. Ultimately, the demise of Nurtanio in March 1966 triggered a leadership vacuum that destroyed corps cohesion and crippled rocket assembly operations. The conclusion of this research asserts that the cessation of Indonesia's first space program at the end of 1967 was purely driven by the loss of procedural autonomy and organizational adaptation failure amidst the vortex of power transition, rather than technical incapacity in assembling technology.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | 1). Humaidi, S.Pd., M.Hum. ; 2). Dr. Kurniawati, S.Pd., M.Si. |
| Subjects: | Ilmu Sejarah > Sejarah Perjanjian Diplomatik Ilmu Sejarah > Kronologis Sejarah Ilmu Sejarah > Biografi Ilmu Sosial > Sejarah Ekonomi, Kondisi Ekonomi Ilmu Sosial > Transportasi Ilmu Politik > Ilmu Politik (umum) Ilmu Politik > Teori Politik Ilmu Politik > Ideologi Politik Ilmu Politik > Institusi politik (Indonesia) Ilmu Politik > Pemerintahan Lokal dan Sistem Pemerintahan Negara Ilmu Politik > Hubungan Internasional Sains > Sains, Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Sains > Astronomi |
| Divisions: | FIS > S1 Pendidikan Sejarah |
| Depositing User: | Muhammad Nur Fa'iz . |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2026 08:18 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2026 08:18 |
| URI: | http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/66932 |
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