ANALISIS TERMAL PENINGKATAN SIFAT PCM CaCl2·6H2O BERBASIS CANGKANG TELUR MELALUI PENAMBAHAN AGEN NUKLEASI SrCl2·6H2O, NANOPARTIKEL GAMMA ALUMINA (γ-Al2O3), DAN SURFAKTAN CTAB

ALAWIAH, . (2026) ANALISIS TERMAL PENINGKATAN SIFAT PCM CaCl2·6H2O BERBASIS CANGKANG TELUR MELALUI PENAMBAHAN AGEN NUKLEASI SrCl2·6H2O, NANOPARTIKEL GAMMA ALUMINA (γ-Al2O3), DAN SURFAKTAN CTAB. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan energi global yang meningkat mendorong pengembangan Thermal Energy Storage (TES) berbasis Phase Change Material (PCM). Kalsium Klorida Heksahidrat (CaCl2·6H2O) merupakan PCM anorganik yang memiliki potensi untuk aplikasi suhu rendah (27–30°C), namun memiliki kendala supercooling dan segregasi fasa yang dapat menurunkan kapasitas penyimpanan energi secara bertahap akibat siklus pemanasan dan pendinginan berulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis CaCl2·6H2O menggunakan limbah cangkang telur ayam sebagai bahan baku alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dan bernilai ekonomis melalui reaksi dengan HCl 4%. Kemudian sifat termal material ditingkatkan melalui penambahan tiga jenis aditif, yaitu Gamma Alumina (γ-Al2O3) sebanyak 1 wt% sebagai peningkat konduktivitas termal, surfaktan Strontium Klorida Heksahidrat (SrCl2·6H2O) sebanyak 1 wt% untuk menekan supercooling, dan Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) sebanyak 1 wt% sebagai penstabil dispersi nanopartikel. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Hasil karakterisasi FTIR dan XRD mengkonfirmasi keberhasilan setiap tahap sintesis, mulai dari konversi CaCO3 cangkang telur menjadi CaCl2·2H2O hingga terbentuknya fasa CaCl2·6H2O, serta membuktikan bahwa CTAB berhasil melapisi permukaan γ-Al2O3. Hasil pengujian DSC menunjukkan bahwa nanokomposit PCM yang dihasilkan memiliki kalor laten sebesar 156,7 J/g dengan rentang peleburan sangat sempit (sekitar 3°C) dan kurva DSC berpuncak tunggal, yang mengindikasikan tidak terjadinya segregasi fasa. Temuan ini membuktikan bahwa limbah cangkang telur layak digunakan sebagai sumber bahan baku PCM jenis CaCl2·6H2O dan mengonfirmasi bahwa kombinasi γ-Al2O3, SrCl2·6H2O, dan CTAB efektif meningkatkan kestabilan fasa serta homogenitas termal sistem. Dengan demikian, nanokomposit PCM CaCl2·6H2O-Telur berpotensi diterapkan sebagai material PCM yang andal untuk aplikasi bagunan hemat energi sekaligus mengubah limbah cangkang telur menjadi produk bernilai ekonomis. ***** The increasing global energy demand has driven the development of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems based on Phase Change Materials (PCMs). Calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2·6H2O) is a promising inorganic PCM for low-temperature applications (27–30°C) due to its high latent heat of fusion. However, its practical application is limited by two major drawbacks, namely supercooling and phase segregation, which gradually reduce its energy storage capacity during repeated heating and cooling cycles. This study aimed to synthesize CaCl₂·6H₂O using waste chicken eggshells as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative calcium source through a reaction with 4% hydrochloric acid (HCl). The thermal performance of the synthesized material was subsequently enhanced by incorporating three additives: 1 wt% gamma alumina (γ-Al2O3) as a thermal conductivity enhancer, 1 wt% strontium chloride hexahydrate (SrCl2·6H2O) as a nucleating agent to suppress supercooling, and 1 wt% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant to stabilize nanoparticle dispersion. The synthesized materials were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the successful completion of each synthesis stage, from the conversion of eggshell-derived CaCO3 into CaCl2·2H2O to the formation of the CaCl2·6H2O phase. The results also verified that CTAB successfully coated the surface of γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles. DSC analysis revealed that the resulting PCM nanocomposite exhibited a latent heat of 156.7 J/g, a very narrow melting range of approximately 3°C, and a single-peak DSC curve, indicating the absence of phase segregation. These findings demonstrate that waste chicken eggshells are a feasible raw material for the production of CaCl2·6H2O-based PCMs and confirm that the combined use γ-Al2O3, SrCl2·6H2O, and CTAB effectively improves the phase stability and thermal homogeneity of the system. Therefore, the eggshell-derived CaCl2·6H2O PCM nanocomposite shows strong potential as a reliable thermal energy storage material for energy-efficient building applications while simultaneously converting eggshell waste into a value-added product.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1). Dr. Dyah Arum Wulandari, M.T. ; 2). Dr. Wardoyo, M.T.
Subjects:	Teknologi dan Ilmu Terapan > Manufaktur
Divisions:	FT > D IV Teknologi Rekayasa Manufaktur
Depositing User:	Alawiah .
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 09:13
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 09:13
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/68393

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