SULTHAN AWWAL FAKHRUDDIN, . (2026) PENGARUH HARGA MINYAK MENTAH DUNIA DAN CADANGAN MINYAK MENTAH INDONESIA TERHADAP VOLUME EKSPOR MINYAK MENTAH INDONESIA 1996 - 2024. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh harga minyak mentah dunia dan cadangan minyak mentah Indonesia terhadap volume ekspor minyak mentah Indonesia periode 1996–2024. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fluktuasi harga minyak mentah dunia serta menurunnya kapasitas produksi minyak domestik yang berpotensi memengaruhi kinerja ekspor minyak mentah Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder berbentuk time series selama 29 tahun yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM), dan Energy Institute. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Error Correction Model (ECM) dengan pendekatan Engle-Granger untuk menganalisis hubungan jangka panjang dan jangka pendek antar variabel. Sebelum dilakukan estimasi ECM, data diuji melalui uji stasioneritas, uji kointegrasi, serta uji asumsi klasik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka panjang harga minyak mentah dunia berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap volume ekspor minyak mentah Indonesia, sedangkan cadangan minyak mentah Indonesia berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap volume ekspor minyak mentah Indonesia. Dalam jangka pendek, harga minyak mentah dunia tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor minyak mentah Indonesia, sementara cadangan minyak mentah Indonesia berpengaruh positif dan signifikan. Selain itu, Error Correction Term (ECT) bernilai negatif dan signifikan yang menunjukkan adanya mekanisme penyesuaian menuju keseimbangan jangka panjang. Nilai Adjusted R² pada model jangka panjang sebesar 92,48%, yang menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen mampu menjelaskan sebagian besar variasi volume ekspor minyak mentah Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan pentingnya pengelolaan cadangan minyak mentah secara berkelanjutan untuk menjaga kapasitas ekspor dan ketahanan energi nasional. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu mendorong kegiatan eksplorasi dan optimalisasi cadangan minyak mentah guna mendukung keberlanjutan sektor energi dan ekspor nasional. ***** This study aims to analyze the effect of world crude oil prices and Indonesia's crude oil reserves on the volume of Indonesia's crude oil exports during the period 1996–2024. The study is motivated by fluctuations in global crude oil prices and the declining capacity of domestic oil production, which may affect the performance of Indonesia's crude oil exports. This research employs a quantitative approach using secondary time-series data covering 29 years, obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM), and the Energy Institute. The data were analyzed using the Error Correction Model (ECM) with the Engle-Granger approach to examine both the long-run and short-run relationships among variables. Prior to the ECM estimation, stationarity tests, cointegration tests, and classical assumption tests were conducted. The results indicate that, in the long run, world crude oil prices have a negative and significant effect on the volume of Indonesia's crude oil exports, while Indonesia's crude oil reserves have a positive and significant effect on export volume. In the short run, world crude oil prices do not have a significant effect on crude oil export volume, whereas crude oil reserves continue to exert a positive and significant effect. Furthermore, the Error Correction Term (ECT) is negative and statistically significant, indicating the existence of an adjustment mechanism toward long-run equilibrium. The Adjusted R² value of the long-run model is 92.48%, suggesting that the independent variables explain a substantial proportion of the variation in Indonesia's crude oil export volume. The findings highlight the importance of sustainable crude oil reserve management in maintaining export capacity and strengthening national energy security. Therefore, the government should encourage exploration activities and optimize crude oil reserves to support the sustainability of the national energy sector and export performance.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
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| Additional Information: | 1). Prof. Dr. Harya Kuncara Wiralaga, S.E., M.Si; 2). Dicky Iranto, S.E., M.SE. |
| Subjects: | Ilmu Sosial > Teori Ekonomi Ilmu Sosial > Sejarah Ekonomi, Kondisi Ekonomi Ilmu Sosial > Industri, Buruh, Produksi Ilmu Sosial > Keuangan Ilmu Sosial > Keuangan Negara |
| Divisions: | FE > S1 Pendidikan Ekonomi |
| Depositing User: | Sulthan Awwal Fakhruddin . |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Aug 2026 02:38 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Aug 2026 02:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/68520 |
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