ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI DAYA SAING EKSPORTIR CPO TERBESAR KE PASAR UTAMA UNI EROPA

AFIFAH CHOIRUNNISA, . (2026) ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI DAYA SAING EKSPORTIR CPO TERBESAR KE PASAR UTAMA UNI EROPA. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Minyak kelapa sawit mentah (CPO) merupakan salah satu minyak nabati yang paling banyak diperdagangkan di dunia, dengan Indonesia dan Malaysia secara bersama-sama memasok lebih dari 80% produksi global. Meskipun kedua negara memiliki nilai Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) di atas satu di pasar Uni Eropa, tren daya saingnya berbeda secara tajam antarnegara tujuan selama periode 2010-2024. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh economic distance, real effective exchange rate (REER), rule of law, dan kebijakan Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) terhadap daya saing ekspor produsen CPO terbesar, yaitu Indonesia dan Malaysia, di empat negara importir utama Uni Eropa (Jerman, Belanda, Italia, dan Spanyol) selama periode 2011-2024. Menggunakan data panel sebanyak 112 observasi dari delapan pasangan negara eksportir-importir, penelitian ini menerapkan Fixed Effect Model (FEM) dengan White cross-section robust standard error, yang dipilih melalui Uji Chow dan Uji Hausman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa economic distance berpengaruh signifikan secara non-linear berbentuk inverted U-shape terhadap RCA, sedangkan RED II berpengaruh negatif signifikan yang mencerminkan fungsinya sebagai hambatan non-tarif berbasis keberlanjutan. REER dan rule of law tidak berpengaruh signifikan, yang mengindikasikan bahwa perdagangan CPO sebagai komoditas primer homogen kurang sensitif terhadap fluktuasi nilai tukar jangka pendek maupun kualitas institusi domestik dibandingkan faktor biaya perdagangan dan regulasi eksternal. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa regulasi keberlanjutan Uni Eropa, dan bukan kondisi makroekonomi atau institusi domestik, menjadi kekuatan dominan yang membentuk daya saing ekspor CPO, sekaligus memberikan arah praktis bagi strategi diplomasi dagang dan sertifikasi keberlanjutan Indonesia dan Malaysia. ***** Crude palm oil (CPO) is one of the most heavily traded vegetable oils in the world, with Indonesia and Malaysia jointly supplying more than 80% of global production. Although both countries maintain a Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) above one in the European Union (EU) market, their competitiveness trends have diverged sharply across destination countries between 2010 and 2024. This study examines the influence of economic distance, real effective exchange rate (REER), rule of law, and the Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) policy on the export competitiveness of the largest CPO exporters, Indonesia and Malaysia, in the four main EU import markets (Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, and Spain) during 2011-2024. Using panel data of 112 observations from eight exporter-importer country pairs, the study applies a Fixed Effect Model (FEM) with White cross-section robust standard errors, selected through Chow and Hausman tests. The results show that economic distance has a significant non-linear, inverted U-shaped effect on RCA, while RED II has a significant negative effect, reflecting its function as a sustainability-based non-tariff barrier. REER and rule of law show no significant effect, suggesting that CPO trade, as a homogeneous primary commodity, is less sensitive to short-term exchange rate movements and domestic institutional quality than to external trade-cost and regulatory factors. These findings imply that EU sustainability regulation, rather than macroeconomic or institutional conditions, is the dominant force shaping CPO export competitiveness, offering practical direction for trade diplomacy and sustainability certification strategies for Indonesia and Malaysia

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1). Prof. Dr. Sri Indah Nikensari, SE, M.SE.; 2). Siti Fatimah Zahra, S.E.I., M.E.
Subjects:	Ilmu Sosial > Teori Ekonomi Ilmu Sosial > Sejarah Ekonomi, Kondisi Ekonomi Ilmu Sosial > Industri, Buruh, Produksi > Pendidikan Ekonomi
Divisions:	FE > S1 Pendidikan Ekonomi
Depositing User:	Afifah Choirunnisa .
Date Deposited:	10 Aug 2026 01:44
Last Modified:	10 Aug 2026 01:44
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/69514

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