PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM MONITORING IOT PADA HYBRID PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR (PV-TEG) DENGAN PENDINGIN HEATSINK DI LINGKUNGAN OUTDOOR.

SAHAT MARULI SIAHAAN, . (2026) PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM MONITORING IOT PADA HYBRID PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR (PV-TEG) DENGAN PENDINGIN HEATSINK DI LINGKUNGAN OUTDOOR. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Indonesia memiliki potensi energi surya yang sangat besar namun belum dimanfaatkan secara luas. Salah satu cara meningkatkan efisiensi panel surya dengan memanfaatkan panas berlebih yang dihasilkan selama proses konversi energi dan dengan teknologi yang semakin maju, diperlukan pemantauan secara real-time pada pengaplikasian digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Generator (PV-TEG) berpendingin heatsink berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) untuk mengatasi penurunan efisiensi panel surya akibat degradasi termal di iklim tropis. Metode penelitian diawali dengan karakterisasi komponen di laboratorium untuk memastikan linearitas sensor (DS18B20, INA219, GY-39) dengan akurasi di atas 97%, serta pemetaan karakteristik elektrik awal device PV dan TEG. Pengujian performa dinamis sistem dilakukan secara komparatif di lingkungan luar ruangan (outdoor) rooftop lantai 10 selama 24 jam dengan interval perekaman data setiap 5 menit. Data ditransmisikan secara nirkabel oleh mikrokontroler ESP32 menuju dasbor pemantauan kustom cloud IoT via Google Apps Script dan Spreadsheet Excel. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi mekanis aluminium pin-fin heatsink pasif efektif menjaga kestabilan termal dengan mempertahankan gradien suhu (∆T) optimal sebesar 3°C hingga 4°C pada intensitas puncak harian. Efek Seebeck yang dihasilkan sukses membangkitkan daya tambahan TEG maksimum sebesar 5,8 mW, yang berkontribusi pada pencapaian daya total puncak sistem hybrid hingga 5,25 Watt, mengungguli PV konvensional yang terdegradasi pada 4,5 Watt. Secara akumulatif, rata-rata efisiensi total harian sistem hybrid (η_hybrid) mencapai 3,857%, secara signifikan lebih superior dibandingkan rata-rata efisiensi PV konvensional polos yang hanya memperoleh 3,035%. Penelitian ini secara empiris menyimpulkan bahwa hibridisasi PV-TEG dengan manajemen termal heatsink pasif berhasil meningkatkan efisiensi total pemanenan energi surya sekaligus memberikan proteksi termal yang berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci: Hybrid PV-TEG, Aluminium Heatsink, Efek Seebeck, Internet of Things (IoT), Efisiensi Energi. ****** Indonesia possesses enormous solar energy potential; however, it has not yet been widely utilized. One approach to improving the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels is by utilizing the excess heat generated during the energy conversion process. Furthermore, with the advancement of digital technology, real-time monitoring has become increasingly essential for practical applications. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based hybrid Photovoltaic–Thermoelectric Generator (PV–TEG) system equipped with a heatsink cooling mechanism to mitigate the efficiency degradation of photovoltaic panels caused by thermal effects under tropical climate conditions. The research methodology began with laboratory characterization of the system components to verify the linearity of the DS18B20, INA219, and GY-39 sensors, achieving an accuracy of over 97%, followed by the initial electrical characterization of the PV module and TEG device. The dynamic performance of the proposed system was evaluated through a comparative outdoor experiment conducted on a 10th-floor rooftop over a continuous 24-hour period, with data acquisition performed at 5-minute intervals. Measurement data were transmitted wirelessly by an ESP32 microcontroller to a custom cloud-based IoT monitoring dashboard using Google Apps Script and Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. The experimental results demonstrate that the passive aluminum pin-fin heatsink effectively maintained thermal stability by sustaining an optimal temperature gradient (ΔT) of 3°C to 4°C during peak solar irradiance. The resulting Seebeck effect successfully generated a maximum additional TEG output power of 5.8 mW, contributing to a peak total output power of 5.25 W for the hybrid system, outperforming the conventional PV system, which experienced thermal degradation and produced only 4.5 W. On a cumulative basis, the average daily total efficiency of the hybrid system (η_hybrid) reached 3.857%, which was significantly higher than the average efficiency of the conventional PV system, measured at only 3.035%. These findings empirically demonstrate that integrating a PV–TEG system with passive heatsink-based thermal management effectively enhances overall solar energy harvesting efficiency while simultaneously providing sustainable thermal protection. Keywords: Hybrid PV–TEG, Aluminum Heatsink, Seebeck Effect, Internet of Things (IoT), Energy Efficiency.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1). Dr. Hadi Nasbey, S.Pd., M.Si.; 2). Syafrima Wahyu, S.Si., M.Si.
Subjects:	Sains > Sains, Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Sains > Fisika Teknologi dan Ilmu Terapan > Teknik Elektronika Teknologi dan Ilmu Terapan > Teknik Energi
Divisions:	FMIPA > S1 Fisika
Depositing User:	Sahat Maruli Siahaan .
Date Deposited:	13 Aug 2026 07:52
Last Modified:	13 Aug 2026 07:52
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/69573

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