WIDATUL KHUSNIAH, . (2026) IMPLEMENTASI KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF AKUNTANSI PANCASILA: STUDI FENOMENOLOGI PADA PT X CIREBON. Magister thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami implementasi konservatisme akuntansi, dampaknya terhadap pemangku kepentingan, serta harmonisasinya dengan nilai�nilai Pancasila dalam praktik pelaporan keuangan pada PT X Cirebon. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh dominasi kajian konservatisme akuntansi yang cenderung berorientasi pada aspek teknis dan ekonomis, sehingga belum mampu mengungkap dimensi kesadaran moral, etika, dan tanggung jawab sosial yang melandasi praktik konservatisme dalam kehidupan organisasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi transendental Edmund Husserl untuk menggali pengalaman sadar para pelaku akuntansi dalam memaknai konservatisme akuntansi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan paradigma fenomenologi transendental. Informan penelitian terdiri atas staf akuntansi, supervisor keuangan, dan staf keuangan yang terlibat langsung dalam proses penyusunan laporan keuangan di PT X Cirebon. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan epoché, horizontalisasi, pengelompokan unit makna, deskripsi tekstural, deskripsi struktural, dan sintesis esensi fenomenologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konservatisme akuntansi di PT X Cirebon diwujudkan melalui praktik kehati-hatian dalam pengakuan pendapatan, pembentukan cadangan risiko, pengakuan biaya secara lebih dini, serta penyajian informasi keuangan yang menghindari overstatement. Namun demikian, praktik tersebut tidak semata-mata didorong oleh kepatuhan terhadap standar akuntansi, melainkan oleh kesadaran moral untuk menjaga kejujuran informasi, melindungi pemangku kepentingan, serta menjaga keberlangsungan organisasi. Dampak konservatisme tidak hanya berupa peningkatan kualitas informasi keuangan, tetapi juga memberikan perlindungan sosial melalui pengurangan risiko kesalahan keputusan yang dapat merugikan karyawan, pemasok, kreditor, maupun pihak lainnya. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa praktik konservatisme akuntansi memiliki keselarasan yang kuat dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila, yaitu Ketuhanan, Kemanusiaan, Persatuan, Kerakyatan, dan Keadilan Sosial sebagaimana tercermin dalam butir-butir Penghayatan dan Pengamalan Pancasila. Berdasarkan sintesis temuan empiris dan nilai-nilai tersebut, penelitian ini bisa mengharmonisasikan konsep Konservatisme Akuntansi Pancasilais, yaitu praktik pelaporan keuangan yang memadukan kehati-hatian teknis dengan tanggung jawab moral, kemanusiaan, musyawarah, keadilan sosial, dan kesadaran spiritual dalam proses pengambilan keputusan akuntansi. ***** This study aims to understand the implementation of accounting conservatism, its impact on stakeholders, and its harmonization with Pancasila values in financial reporting practices at PT X Cirebon. The study is motivated by the dominance of accounting conservatism research that tends to focus on technical and economic aspects, thereby failing to adequately reveal the dimensions of moral consciousness, ethics, and social responsibility underlying conservatism practices within organizational life. Therefore, this study employs Edmund Husserl’s transcendental phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences and conscious reflections of accounting practitioners in interpreting accounting conservatism. This research adopts a qualitative method within a transcendental phenomenological paradigm. The informants consisted of accounting staff, a finance supervisor, and finance staff who were directly involved in the preparation of financial statements at PT X Cirebon. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The analysis followed the stages of epoché, horizontalization, clustering of meaning units, textural description, structural description, and synthesis of phenomenological essences. The findings reveal that accounting conservatism at PT X Cirebon is manifested through prudent practices in revenue recognition, the establishment of risk provisions, the earlier recognition of expenses, and the presentation of financial information that avoids overstatement. However, these practices are not solely driven by compliance with accounting standards; rather, they are motivated by a moral consciousness to maintain the honesty of information, protect stakeholders, and ensure organizational sustainability. The impact of conservatism extends beyond improving the quality of financial information, as it also provides social protection by reducing the risk of decision-making errors that may adversely affect employees, suppliers, creditors, and other stakeholders. Furthermore, the study finds that accounting conservatism is strongly aligned with the values of Pancasila, namely Divinity, Humanity, Unity, Democracy, and Social Justice, as reflected in the Guidelines for the Appreciation and Practice of Pancasila. Based on the synthesis of empirical findings and these values, this study harmonizes the concept of Pancasila-Based Accounting Conservatism, defined as a financial reporting practice that integrates technical prudence with moral responsibility, humanity, deliberation, social justice, and spiritual consciousness in accounting decision�making processes.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
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| Additional Information: | 1). Dr. Choirul Anwar, SE., MBA., MAFIS., MCIS., Ak., CA, CPA, CSRS, CSRA.; 2). Dr. Etty Gurendrawati, SE., MSi., Ak., CA. |
| Subjects: | Filsafat, Psikologi & Agama > Etika Ilmu Sosial > Ilmu Sosial (Umum) Ilmu Sosial > Perdagangan, e-commerce > Akuntansi Ilmu Sosial > Keuangan |
| Divisions: | FE > S2 Akuntansi |
| Depositing User: | Widatul Khusniah . |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Aug 2026 02:46 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Aug 2026 02:46 |
| URI: | http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/70057 |
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