Appraisal Framework and Ideological Square in Donald Trump's Speech on the Capture of Nicolás Maduro

MUHAMMAD FARIQ KAHFI RAZANI, . (2026) Appraisal Framework and Ideological Square in Donald Trump's Speech on the Capture of Nicolás Maduro. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana sumber daya evaluatif dalam pidato konferensi pers Donald Trump pada tanggal 3 Januari 2026 di Mar-a-Lago, Florida, mengonstruksi polarisasi ideologis untuk melegitimasi intervensi militer Amerika Serikat dan penangkapan Presiden Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yang berpijak pada Analisis Wacana Kritis (AWK) dengan menggabungkan dua kerangka teori: Kerangka Appraisal (Martin & White, 2005) dan Ideological Square van Dijk (1998). Data penelitian terdiri dari 52 unit data berupa klausa dan frasa evaluatif yang dipilih dari transkrip resmi pidato tersebut. Setiap data dianalisis melalui tiga subsistem Appraisal, yaitu Attitude, Graduation, dan Engagement, kemudian diinterpretasikan berdasarkan empat strategi Ideological Square. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Judgment merupakan sumber daya Attitude yang paling dominan (39 data, 75,0%), diikuti oleh Appreciation (9 data, 17,3%) dan Affect (4 data, 7,7%). Dalam hal Graduation, Force muncul dalam 40 data dan Focus dalam 15 data. Sementara itu, Engagement bersifat monoglossic secara dominan, dengan 49 data (94,2%) menyajikan evaluasi sebagai pernyataan langsung yang tidak terbantahkan. Ditinjau melalui Ideological Square, strategi yang paling dominan adalah menekankan keburukan pihak luar (emphasize their bad) yang ditemukan pada 45 data (86,5%), diikuti oleh menekankan kebaikan pihak sendiri (emphasize our good) pada 4 data (7,7%), serta melemahkan kebaikan pihak luar (de-emphasize their good) pada 3 data (5,8%). Strategi melemahkan keburukan pihak sendiri (de-emphasize our bad) tidak ditemukan sebagai fungsi dominan pada data manapun. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pidato Trump mengonstruksi legitimasi intervensi militer melalui akumulasi sumber daya evaluatif yang membentuk representasi bipolar: pihak luar dikriminalisasi melalui Judgment negatif yang diperkuat oleh Force, Focus, dan Monogloss, sementara tindakan Amerika Serikat dibingkai sebagai penegakan keadilan, perlindungan, dan pembebasan. ***** This study analyses how evaluative resources in Donald Trump’s press conference speech delivered on January 3, 2026, at Mar-a-Lago, Florida, construct ideological polarization to legitimise U.S. military intervention and the capture of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro. Employing a descriptive qualitative method situated within Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the study integrates the Appraisal Framework (Martin & White, 2005) with van Dijk’s (1998) Ideological Square as its theoretical framework. The data consist of 52 evaluative units consisting of clauses and phrases selected from the official transcript of the speech. Each datum was analysed based on the three Appraisal subsystems of Attitude, Graduation, and Engagement, and subsequently interpreted against the four strategies of the Ideological Square. The findings reveal that Judgment is the most dominant Attitude resource (39 instances, 75.0%), followed by Appreciation (9 instances, 17.3%) and Affect (4 instances, 7.7%). Regarding Graduation, Force appears in 40 data units and Focus in 15 data units. Engagement is overwhelmingly monoglossic, with 49 instances (94.2%) presenting evaluations as direct, unchallengeable assertions. Interpreted through the Ideological Square, the dominant strategy is emphasizing their bad, which appears in 45 data units (86.5%), followed by emphasizing our good in 4 units (7.7%), and de-emphasizing their good in 3 units (5.8%). De-emphasizing our bad does not emerge as a primary strategy in any datum. The study concludes that the speech constructs the legitimacy of U.S. military intervention through the accumulation of evaluative resources that produce a bipolar representation: the out-group is criminalized through negative Judgment reinforced by Force, Focus, and Monogloss, while U.S. action is framed as the enforcement of justice, protection, and liberation.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1). Nurina Azyyati, M.Hum. ; 2). Faizzah Shabrina Zhafirah, S.Hum., M.Hum.
Subjects:	Bahasa dan Kesusastraan > Linguistik Bahasa dan Kesusastraan > Sastra Inggris
Divisions:	FBS > S1 Sastra Inggris
Depositing User:	Muhammad Fariq Kahfi Razani .
Date Deposited:	20 Aug 2026 04:16
Last Modified:	20 Aug 2026 04:16
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/72228

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