A FOCALIZATION ANALYSIS OF DONNY DUNN IN BABY REINDEER (2024)

AYARA INDI ALIFIA, . (2026) A FOCALIZATION ANALYSIS OF DONNY DUNN IN BABY REINDEER (2024). Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Perkembangan serial streaming berbasis pengalaman nyata telah membuat perspektif penceritaan menjadi aspek penting dalam membentuk pemahaman penonton terhadap peristiwa naratif. Penelitian ini mengkaji konstruksi fokalisasi melalui tokoh Donny Dunn dalam miniseri Netflix Baby Reindeer (2024). Secara khusus, penelitian ini membahas bagaimana fokalisasi dibangun melalui protagonis dan bagaimana perspektif tersebut memengaruhi pemahaman penonton terhadap peristiwa dalam narasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Kerangka teori utama yang digunakan adalah konsep fokalisasi Gérard Genette, didukung oleh semiotika Roland Barthes untuk membaca tanda-tanda audiovisual serta konsep unreliable narrator Wayne C. Booth untuk memahami ketidakstabilan posisi Donny sebagai pencerita. Data penelitian terdiri atas adegan-adegan terpilih dalam Baby Reindeer yang menampilkan narasi suara, kilas balik, keterlambatan informasi, reaksi tubuh, ekspresi wajah, pembingkaian kamera, pencahayaan, ruang, objek, dan suara. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Baby Reindeer secara dominan membangun narasinya melalui fokalisasi internal Donny Dunn. Penonton tidak menerima cerita sebagai laporan yang netral dan objektif, melainkan melalui ingatan, emosi, rasa malu, trauma, dan penafsiran pribadi Donny. Fokalisasi tersebut dibentuk melalui penggunaan narasi suara, kilas balik, reaksi tubuh, keterlambatan informasi, serta tanda-tanda audiovisual seperti email Martha, ruang kreatif Darrien, panggung komedi, arsip pesan suara, dan minuman gratis yang muncul kembali di akhir cerita. Tanda-tanda tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa pengalaman batin Donny tidak hanya diceritakan melalui dialog, tetapi juga divisualisasikan dan diperdengarkan melalui elemen audiovisual. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perspektif Donny tidak selalu diposisikan sebagai kebenaran mutlak. Kehadiran suara eksternal seperti kritik Teri, respons polisi, bukti digital, dan rekaman Martha mengganggu sudut pandang Donny sehingga penonton diajak untuk bersimpati sekaligus meragukan cara Donny memahami dirinya sendiri dan orang lain. Dengan demikian, fokalisasi dalam Baby Reindeer tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai teknik penceritaan, tetapi juga sebagai mekanisme yang membentuk simpati, keraguan, penilaian moral, dan ambivalensi etis penonton. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perspektif naratif dalam serial audiovisual berperan penting dalam mengatur distribusi informasi dan membentuk makna terhadap trauma, stalking, rasa malu, dan keterikatan emosional. ***** The development of streaming series based on real-life experiences has made storytelling perspective an important aspect in shaping audience understanding of narrative events. This study examines the construction of focalization through Donny Dunn in the Netflix miniseries Baby Reindeer (2024). Specifically, this research discusses how focalization is constructed through the protagonist and how this perspective influences the audience’s understanding of the events in the narrative. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The main theoretical framework applied in this research is Gérard Genette’s concept of focalization, supported by Roland Barthes’ semiotics to examine audiovisual signs and Wayne C. Booth’s concept of the unreliable narrator to understand the instability of Donny’s position as a narrator. The data of this research consist of selected scenes from Baby Reindeer that show voice-over narration, flashbacks, delayed information, bodily reactions, facial expressions, camera framing, lighting, space, objects, and sound. The findings reveal that Baby Reindeer dominantly constructs its narrative through Donny Dunn’s internal focalization. The audience does not receive the story as a neutral and objective report, but through Donny’s memory, emotions, shame, trauma, and personal interpretation. This focalization is constructed through voice-over narration, flashbacks, bodily reactions, delayed information, and audiovisual signs such as Martha’s emails, Darrien’s creative space, the comedy stage, the voicemail archive, and the free drink that reappears at the end of the story. These signs show that Donny’s internal experience is not only narrated through dialogue, but also visualized and made audible through audiovisual elements. In addition, this study finds that Donny’s perspective is not always positioned as an absolute truth. The presence of external voices such as Teri’s criticism, police responses, digital evidence, and Martha’s recordings challenges Donny’s point of view and encourages the audience to sympathize with him while also questioning how he understands himself and others. Therefore, focalization in Baby Reindeer does not only function as a storytelling technique, but also as a mechanism that shapes the audience’s sympathy, doubt, moral judgment, and ethical ambivalence. Overall, this study shows that narrative perspective in audiovisual series plays an important role in regulating the distribution of information and constructing meaning around trauma, stalking, shame, and emotional attachment.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1). Dwi Linda Kusuma, S.S., M.Hum.; 2). Atikah Ruslianti, S.S., M.Hum.
Subjects:	Bahasa dan Kesusastraan > Sastra Inggris
Divisions:	FBS > S1 Sastra Inggris
Depositing User:	Ayara Indi Alifia .
Date Deposited:	21 Aug 2026 07:09
Last Modified:	21 Aug 2026 07:09
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/72466

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