ANALISIS KINERJA THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE BERBASIS MEDIA PASIR DENGAN VARIASI KOMPOSISI PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL NaNO3 DAN KNO3 DALAM BATANG TABUNG VERTIKAL

MUHAMMAD QOTRUNNADA MURSIDAN, . (2026) ANALISIS KINERJA THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE BERBASIS MEDIA PASIR DENGAN VARIASI KOMPOSISI PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL NaNO3 DAN KNO3 DALAM BATANG TABUNG VERTIKAL. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan energi yang terus meningkat dan upaya mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap energi fosil mendorong pengembangan energi surya, tetapi sifatnya yang berkala memerlukan sistem penyimpanan energi. Thermal energy storage (TES) dapat menyimpan energi termal saat tersedia dan melepaskannya kembali ketika dibutuhkan. Pasir berpotensi menjadi media penyimpan kalor sensibel karena stabil pada temperatur tinggi, mudah diperoleh, dan ramah lingkungan, tetapi memiliki konduktivitas termal yang rendah. Penambahan geram mixed metal dan phase change material (PCM) dapat meningkatkan konduktivitas termal serta kapasitas penyimpanan energi pada TES berbasis pasir. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh geram mixed metal dan PCM campuran NaNO₃–KNO₃ terhadap kinerja TES berbasis pasir dan menentukan komposisi PCM terbaik. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan konfigurasi pasir dan geram vertikal tanpa PCM serta penambahan PCM 70% NaNO₃–30% KNO₃, 60% NaNO₃–40% KNO₃, dan 50% NaNO₃–50% KNO₃. Pengujian meliputi charging, storing, dan discharging menggunakan air berdebit 1 LPM. Daya 600 W diterapkan pada seluruh konfigurasi, sedangkan daya 1.000 W diterapkan pada PCM 60% NaNO₃–40% KNO₃. Konfigurasi tanpa PCM menghasilkan efisiensi charging dan discharging tertinggi, masing-masing 92,3% dan 74,8%, serta menyalurkan energi 1.534,92 kJ kepada air. Pada daya 600 W, PCM 70% NaNO₃–30% KNO₃ menghasilkan efisiensi charging tertinggi sebesar 82,4%, PCM 50% NaNO₃–50% KNO₃ menghasilkan efisiensi storing tertinggi sebesar 47,7%, sedangkan PCM 60% NaNO₃–40% KNO₃ memberikan kinerja pemanasan air terbaik dengan energi 1.033,53 kJ dan efisiensi discharging 53,6%. Peningkatan daya menjadi 1.000 W meningkatkan energi air menjadi 1.296,90 kJ, tetapi menurunkan efisiensi discharging menjadi 51,7%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan daya memperbesar energi yang tersedia, tetapi tidak menjamin peningkatan efisiensi pemanfaatan energi secara keseluruhan. Penambahan PCM belum melampaui kinerja konfigurasi tanpa PCM karena kehilangan panas selama fase storing dan temperatur TES tidak terjaga pada titik leleh PCM.*****Rising energy demands and the drive to reduce reliance on fossil fuels have spurred the development of solar energy; however, its intermittent nature necessitates energy storage systems. Thermal energy storage (TES) allows for the storage of thermal energy when available and its subsequent release when needed. Sand is a promising medium for sensible heat storage due to its high-temperature stability, availability, and environmental friendliness, though it suffers from low thermal conductivity. Incorporating mixed metal chips and phase change materials (PCMs) can enhance both the thermal conductivity and energy storage capacity of sand-based TES systems. This study aims to analyze the effects of mixed metal chips and NaNO₃–KNO₃ mixture PCMs on the performance of sand-based TES and to determine the optimal PCM composition. An experimental approach was employed, testing configurations involving sand and metal chips in a vertical arrangement—both without PCM and with the addition of PCMs in ratios of 70% NaNO₃–30% KNO₃, 60% NaNO₃–40% KNO₃, and 50% NaNO₃–50% KNO₃. Testing phases included charging, storing, and discharging, utilizing a water flow rate of 1 LPM. A power input of 600 W was applied to all configurations, while 1,000 W was applied to the 60% NaNO₃–40% KNO₃ PCM configuration. The configuration without PCM yielded the highest charging and discharging efficiencies—92.3% and 74.8%, respectively—and delivered 1,534.92 kJ of energy to the water. At 600 W, the 70% NaNO₃–30% KNO₃ PCM achieved the highest charging efficiency (82.4%), the 50% NaNO₃–50% KNO₃ PCM achieved the highest storage efficiency (47.7%), and the 60% NaNO₃–40% KNO₃ PCM delivered the best water-heating performance, transferring 1,033.53 kJ of energy with a discharging efficiency of 53.6%. Increasing the power to 1,000 W raised the water energy to 1,296.90 kJ but reduced the discharging efficiency to 51.7%. These results indicate that increasing power boosts available energy but does not guarantee an improvement in overall energy utilization efficiency. The addition of PCM did not surpass the performance of the configuration without PCM, due to heat loss during the storage phase and the failure to maintain the TES temperature at the PCM's melting point.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1). Dr. Ir. Ragil Sukarno, M.T., IPM. 2). Nugroho Gama Yoga, M.T.
Subjects:	Teknologi dan Ilmu Terapan > Teknik Mesin, Mekanika Teknik Teknologi dan Ilmu Terapan > Teknik Energi
Divisions:	FT > S1 Teknik Mesin
Depositing User:	Muhammad Qotrunnada Mursidan .
Date Deposited:	21 Aug 2026 03:49
Last Modified:	21 Aug 2026 03:49
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/72572

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