PEMANFAATAN NANO-SELULOSA BAKTERI (ACETOBACTER XYLINUM) SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAH PEMBUATAN SEMEN KOMPOSIT

MY FAITH SONNI MARKSON KANIKIR, . (2026) PEMANFAATAN NANO-SELULOSA BAKTERI (ACETOBACTER XYLINUM) SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAH PEMBUATAN SEMEN KOMPOSIT. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Perkembangan industri konstruksi menyebabkan kebutuhan terhadap material bangunan dengan kinerja mekanik yang lebih baik terus meningkat. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah melalui pemanfaatan material nano sebagai bahan tambah pada semen komposit. Nano-selulosa bakteri (Acetobacter xylinum) memiliki karakteristik berupa kekuatan tarik tinggi, luas permukaan spesifik yang besar, kemampuan menyerap air, serta sifat ramah lingkungan sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan proses hidrasi dan kualitas mikrostruktur semen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh nano-selulosa bakteri yang dihasilkan melalui metode mekanis dan metode elektrolisis sebagai bahan tambah pada semen Portland Composite Cement (PCC), serta menentukan pengaruhnya terhadap sifat mekanik dan karakteristik mikrostruktur semen komposit. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan benda uji berupa mortar dan pasta semen. Nano-selulosa bakteri ditambahkan ke dalam campuran semen dengan variasi kadar sebesar 0,05%, 0,1%, dan 0,2% dari berat semen menggunakan dua metode penghalusan, yaitu metode mekanis dan metode elektrolisis. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi kuat tekan dan kuat lentur pada umur 7, 28, dan 56 hari, sedangkan karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscope–Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pada umur 28 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan nano-selulosa bakteri mampu meningkatkan performa semen komposit pada kadar tertentu. Variasi metode mekanis menghasilkan peningkatan kuat tekan yang lebih konsisten dibandingkan metode elektrolisis, terutama pada kadar 0,05%, sedangkan metode elektrolisis memberikan hasil optimum pada kadar 0,1%. Penambahan nano-selulosa sebesar 0,2% pada kedua metode menyebabkan penurunan kuat tekan akibat terjadinya aglomerasi partikel yang menghambat proses hidrasi. Hasil pengujian kuat lentur menunjukkan kecenderungan peningkatan dibandingkan sampel kontrol, meskipun peningkatannya tidak sebesar kuat tekan. Analisis TGA menunjukkan peningkatan derajat hidrasi melalui nilai chemically bound water pada variasi optimum. Pengamatan SEM memperlihatkan terbentuknya mikrostruktur pasta semen yang lebih padat dengan jumlah pori yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan sampel kontrol, sedangkan hasil EDS menunjukkan dominasi unsur Ca, Si, dan O sebagai penyusun utama produk hidrasi semen. Hasil XRD menunjukkan bahwa penambahan nano-selulosa tidak membentuk fase kristal baru, tetapi meningkatkan perkembangan produk hidrasi yang ditunjukkan oleh perubahan intensitas fase-fase hidrasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa nano-selulosa bakteri (Acetobacter xylinum) berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan tambah ramah lingkungan untuk meningkatkan kualitas semen komposit. Metode elektrolisis memberikan performa yang lebih stabil dibandingkan metode mekanis, sedangkan kadar penambahan nano-selulosa yang paling efektif berada pada rentang 0,1% dari berat semen. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi dalam pengembangan material konstruksi berbasis nanoteknologi yang lebih berkinerja tinggi dan berkelanjutan. **** The rapid development of the construction industry has led to an increasing demand for building materials with enhanced mechanical performance. One approach to improving the performance of composite cement is the incorporation of nanomaterials as additives. Bacterial nanocellulose (Acetobacter xylinum) possesses unique properties, including high tensile strength, a large specific surface area, excellent water absorption capacity, and environmentally friendly characteristics, making it a promising additive for enhancing the hydration process and the microstructural quality of cement. This study aimed to investigate the effect of bacterial nanocellulose produced by mechanical and electrolysis methods as an additive in Portland Composite Cement (PCC) and to evaluate its influence on the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of composite cement. An experimental method was employed using mortar and cement paste specimens. Bacterial nanocellulose was incorporated into the cement mixture at dosages of 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% by weight of cement using two different processing methods, namely mechanical and electrolysis methods. Compressive strength and flexural strength tests were conducted after curing periods of 7, 28, and 56 days, while material characterization was performed at 28 days using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrated that the incorporation of bacterial nanocellulose improved the performance of composite cement at specific dosage levels. The mechanical method produced a more consistent improvement in compressive strength than the electrolysis method, particularly at a dosage of 0.05%, whereas the electrolysis method achieved optimum performance at a dosage of 0.1%. The addition of 0.2% bacterial nanocellulose using either method resulted in a reduction in compressive strength due to particle agglomeration, which hindered the cement hydration process. The flexural strength test also showed an increasing trend compared with the control specimens, although the improvement was less significant than that observed in compressive strength. TGA analysis indicated an increased degree of hydration through higher chemically bound water values at the optimum dosage. SEM observations revealed a denser cement paste microstructure with fewer pores than the control specimens, while EDS analysis confirmed the predominance of calcium (Ca), silicon (Si), and oxygen (O), which are the primary constituents of cement hydration products. XRD analysis further showed that the incorporation of bacterial nanocellulose did not generate new crystalline phases but promoted the development of hydration products, as indicated by changes in the intensity of the hydration phases. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that bacterial nanocellulose (Acetobacter xylinum) has considerable potential as an environmentally friendly additive for improving the quality of composite cement. The electrolysis method demonstrated more stable performance than the mechanical method, while the optimum bacterial nanocellulose dosage was 0.1% by weight of cement. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the development of high-performance and sustainable nanotechnology-based construction materials.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1). Dr. Ririt Aprilin S, ST., M. Sc. Eng ; 2). Dr. Ananto Nugroho, ST, M.Eng.
Subjects:	Teknologi dan Ilmu Terapan > Teknik Sipil
Divisions:	FT > S1 Pendidikan Teknik Bangunan
Depositing User:	My Faith Sonni Markson Kanikir .
Date Deposited:	21 Aug 2026 03:50
Last Modified:	21 Aug 2026 03:50
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/72628

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