PENGEMBANGAN MODEL DISCOVERY NANO LEARNING (DNL) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA DI SEKOLAH DASAR

SASTRA WIJAYA, . (2026) PENGEMBANGAN MODEL DISCOVERY NANO LEARNING (DNL) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA DI SEKOLAH DASAR. Doktor thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model Discovery Nano Learning (DNL) pada pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial (IPAS) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, dominasi pembelajaran konvensional, serta belum optimalnya pemanfaatan teknologi digital dalam pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) melalui tahapan analisis kebutuhan, perancangan model, pengembangan produk, validasi ahli, evaluasi formatif (one-to-one, small group, dan field try out), serta uji efektivitas menggunakan desain quasi experiment nonequivalent control group pretest–posttest. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 58 siswa kelas IV di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Walantaka 1 Kota Serang. Instrumen penelitian meliputi angket, wawancara, dan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model DNL mengintegrasikan pembelajaran berbasis penemuan dengan konsep nano learning melalui penyajian materi dalam unit-unit kecil berdurasi 1–5 menit yang berfokus pada satu tujuan pembelajaran esensial dan didukung pemanfaatan platform media sosial. Validasi ahli menunjukkan kelayakan model berada pada kategori sangat layak dengan rata-rata persentase 91,94%, sedangkan hasil uji kelayakan buku pedoman memperoleh rata-rata persentase 92,31% dengan kategori sangat layak. Respons guru sebesar 94,44% dan siswa sebesar 95,00% menunjukkan bahwa model praktis dan mudah diimplementasikan. Pada uji efektivitas, kelas eksperimen memperoleh rata-rata posttest 95,00 dengan N-Gain 0,90 (kategori tinggi), sedangkan kelas kontrol memperoleh rata-rata posttest 63,57 dengan N-Gain 0,22 (kategori rendah). Hasil uji Mann–Whitney U menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat signifikan (p < 0,001), didukung oleh Welch's t-test, dan ANCOVA, serta ukuran efek analisis non-parametrik Rank-Biserial Correlation menghasilkan nilai r = 1,00, sedangkan analisis parametrik menghasilkan Cohen's d = 9,08, Hedges' g = 8,96, dan Partial Eta Squared (ηp²) = 0,989. Keseluruhan nilai berada jauh di atas batas kategori efek besar, sehingga menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model DNL memberikan pengaruh yang sangat kuat terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis. Hasil tersebut menujukan bahwa model DNL terbukti valid dan efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada pembelajaran IPAS di sekolah dasar. Kata Kunci: Discovery Nano Learning, Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, IPAS, Sekolah Dasar. ***** This study aims to develop a Discovery Nano Learning (DNL) model in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) learning to improve critical thinking skills of elementary school students. The research is motivated by the low critical thinking skills of students, the dominance of conventional learning, and the suboptimal use of digital technology in learning. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) through the stages of needs analysis, model design, product development, expert validation, formative evaluation (one-to-one, small group, and field try out), and effectiveness testing using a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pretest–posttest design. The research subjects were 58 fourth-grade students at Walantaka 1 Elementary School, Serang City. The research instruments included questionnaires, interviews, and critical thinking ability tests. The results of the study indicate that the DNL model integrates discovery-based learning with the nano learning concept by presenting material in small units lasting 1–5 minutes that focus on one essential learning objective and are supported by the use of social media platforms. Expert validation showed that the model's feasibility was in the very feasible category with an average percentage of 91.94%, while the results of the guidebook feasibility test obtained an average percentage of 92.31% with a very feasible category. Teacher responses of 94.44% and students of 95.00% indicated that the model was practical and easy to implement. In the effectiveness test, the experimental class obtained an average posttest of 95.00 with an N-Gain of 0.90 (high category), while the control class obtained an average posttest of 63.57 with an N-Gain of 0.22 (low category). The results of the Mann–Whitney U test showed a very significant difference (p < 0.001), supported by Welch's t-test, and ANCOVA, and the effect size of the non-parametric Rank-Biserial Correlation analysis produced a value of r = 1.00, while the parametric analysis produced Cohen's d = 9.08, Hedges' g = 8.96, and Partial Eta Squared (ηp²) = 0.989. All values were far above the limit of the large effect category, thus indicating that the application of the DNL model had a very strong influence on improving critical thinking skills. These results indicate that the DNL model is proven to be valid and effective in improving students' critical thinking skills in science learning in elementary schools. Keywords: Discovery Nano Learning, Critical Thinking Skills, Science and Social Studies, Elementary Schools.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doktor)
Additional Information:	1). Prof. Dr. Arita Marini, M.E. 2). Prof. Dr. Arifin Maksum, M.Pd.
Subjects:	Pendidikan > Pendidikan Dasar
Divisions:	PASCASARJANA > S3 Pendidikan Dasar
Depositing User:	Sastra Wijaya .
Date Deposited:	24 Aug 2026 02:18
Last Modified:	24 Aug 2026 02:18
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/72886

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