PENERAPAN ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS-STEM UNTUK MELATIH KETERAMPILAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V SD PADA MATERI ENERGI CAHAYA DAN ENERGI PANAS

RIFQAH HUMAIRAH AMIR, . (2026) PENERAPAN ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS-STEM UNTUK MELATIH KETERAMPILAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V SD PADA MATERI ENERGI CAHAYA DAN ENERGI PANAS. Magister thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan Engineering Design Process berbasis Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (EDP-STEM) pada materi energi cahaya dan energi panas serta mendeskripsikan keterampilan pemecahan masalah peserta didik selama mengikuti pembelajaran EDP-STEM. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kelas V SD Negeri Bawakaraeng 1 Kota Makassar, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, dengan melibatkan 26 peserta didik yang terdiri atas 12 peserta didik laki-laki dan 14 peserta didik perempuan. Peserta didik dibagi ke dalam empat kelompok untuk melaksanakan proyek perancangan dan pembuatan oven surya. Tahapan EDP-STEM yang diterapkan meliputi Problem Scoping, Idea Creation, Designing and Constructing, Assessing Design, serta Redesigning and Reconstructing. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui observasi, catatan lapangan, wawancara, lembar kerja peserta didik, jurnal reflektif, tes keterampilan pemecahan masalah, Proyek prototipe oven surya, serta dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan dan verifikasi kesimpulan. Keabsahan data diperiksa melalui triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran EDP-STEM memfasilitasi peserta didik untuk mempelajari konsep energi cahaya dan energi panas melalui rangkaian kegiatan yang sistematis, mulai dari memahami masalah, menghasilkan berbagai alternatif gagasan, menyusun rancangan, membangun dan menguji prototipe, hingga memperbaiki desain berdasarkan hasil pengujian. Keterampilan pemecahan masalah tampak ketika peserta didik mampu mengenali berbagai penyebab oven surya belum bekerja secara optimal, mengemukakan beberapa alternatif penyelesaian, serta memilih dan mempertahankan solusi berdasarkan fungsi bahan, sifat cahaya dan panas, kestabilan Proyek, data suhu, dan perubahan makanan selama pengujian. Hasil tes menunjukkan bahwa pada indikator Identifies the Problem, persentase terbesar peserta didik berada pada kategori baik sebesar 42,31%. Pada indikator Identifies Multiple Solutions, persentase terbesar berada pada kategori sangat baik sebesar 38,46%, sedangkan pada indikator Defends Solution, persentase terbesar berada pada kategori baik sebesar 34,62%. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran EDP-STEM memberikan pengalaman belajar yang kontekstual, kolaboratif, dan reflektif dalam melatih keterampilan pemecahan masalah peserta didik pada pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar. Kata kunci: Engineering Design Process, STEM, keterampilan pemecahan masalah, energi cahaya, energi panas. ***** This study aimed to describe the implementation of the Engineering Design Process integrated with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (EDP-STEM) in the topics of light and heat energy and to describe students’ problem-solving skills during EDP-STEM learning. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research was conducted in a fifth-grade classroom at SD Negeri Bawakaraeng 1, Makassar City, South Sulawesi Province, involving 26 students, comprising 12 boys and 14 girls. The students were divided into four groups to carry out a solar oven design and construction project. The EDP-STEM stages implemented in this study included Problem Scoping, Idea Creation, Designing and Constructing, Assessing Design, and Redesigning and Reconstructing. Data were collected through observations, field notes, interviews, student worksheets, reflective journals, problem-solving skills tests, solar oven prototypes, and documentation. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model through data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. Data trustworthiness was established through source and technique triangulation. The findings showed that EDP-STEM learning facilitated students’ understanding of light and heat energy concepts through a systematic sequence of activities, beginning with understanding the problem, generating alternative ideas, developing designs, constructing and testing prototypes, and improving the designs based on the test results. Students’ problem-solving skills were demonstrated when they were able to identify various factors that prevented the solar ovens from functioning optimally, propose several alternative solutions, and select and justify solutions based on material functions, the properties of light and heat, product stability, temperature data, and changes in the food during testing. The test results showed that, for the Identifies the Problem indicator, the largest proportion of students was in the good category, accounting for 42.31%. For the Identifies Multiple Solutions indicator, the largest proportion was in the very good category, accounting for 38.46%, whereas for the Defends Solution indicator, the largest proportion was in the good category, accounting for 34.62%. These findings indicate that EDP-STEM learning provides contextual, collaborative, and reflective learning experiences that support the development of students’ problem-solving skills in elementary science education. Keywords: Engineering Design Process, STEM, problem-solving skills, light energy, heat energy.

Item Type:	Thesis (Magister)
Additional Information:	1). Dr. Tunjungsari Sekaringtyas, S.Pd., M.Pd. 2). Dr. Mahmud Yunus, S.Pd., M.Pd.
Subjects:	Pendidikan > Pendidikan Dasar Sains > Sains, Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
Divisions:	FIP > S2 Pendidikan Dasar
Depositing User:	Rifqah Humairah Amir .
Date Deposited:	15 Sep 2026 08:45
Last Modified:	15 Sep 2026 08:45
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/73841

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