KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI PADA PENYANDANG AUTIS DENGAN METODE PICTURE EXCHANGE COMMUNICATION (STUDI KASUS)

IRMA AYU APRILIANI, . (2021) KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI PADA PENYANDANG AUTIS DENGAN METODE PICTURE EXCHANGE COMMUNICATION (STUDI KASUS). Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang kemampuan menulis teks deskripsi siswa penyandang autis dengan menggunakan metode picture exchange communication (PECS). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan rancangan studi kasus. Fokus penelitian ini adalah mempelajari bagaimana kemampuan menulis teks deskripsi pada siswa autis dengan bantuan metode picture exchange communication system. Metode ini memiliki enam fase, yaitu (1) Pertukaran fisik, (2) Memperluas spontanitas, (3) Diskriminasi Gambar, (4) Struktur Kalimat, (5) Menanggapi Pertanyaan : “mau apa?” dan (6) Memberi komentar dan respons. Sebelum menggunakan metode picture exchange communication system terlebih dahulu dilakukan assesmen simbol untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa dalam membaca simbol atau kartu bergambar. Assesmen simbol dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan yaitu (1) menyamakan benda identik, (2) menyamakan benda non-identik, (3) menyamakan foto atau gambar ke benda, (4) menyamakan foto/gambar yang identik, (5) mengklasifikasikan foto/gambar sesuai kata bendanya, (6) menyamakan simbol ke foto/gambar atau ke benda aslinya, (7) menyamakan simbol ke simbol, (8) mengelompokkan simbol ke foto/gambar atau miniatur benda sesuai kategorinya. Tahap analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis deskripstif yang menampilkan hasil wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini hanya akan mendeskripsikan tanpa ada upaya untuk menghasilkan teori atau menggeneralisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan siswa dalam membuat karangan yang berupa teks deskripsi dari segi struktur masih belum sempurna karena terdapat satu struktur yang tidak ada yaitu judul. Dari segi kebahasaan dan penulisan terdapat kesalahan ejaan penulisan, dalam menyusun kalimat sederhana siswa sudah mampu mengenal pola kalimat dasar, dan adanya keterbatasan konjungsi yang membuat kalimat menjadi kurang padu. Siswa masih belum paham konsep kelas kata seperti kata keterangan, kata benda, kata sifat, dan kata kerja aksi. Kata kunci: Teks deskripsi, picture exchange communication, autis. ********* This study aims to obtain information about the ability to write descriptive texts of students with autism using the picture exchange communication (PECS) method. This research uses qualitative method and case study design. The focus of this research is to study how the ability to write descriptive text in autistic students with the help of the picture exchange communication system method. This method has six phases, namely (1) physical exchange, (2) expanding spontaneity, (3) image discrimination, (4) sentence structure, (5) responding to the question: "what do you want?" and (6) Provide comments and responses. Before using the picture exchange communication system method, a symbol assessment was first carried out to determine the students' ability to read symbols or picture cards. Symbol assessment is carried out in several stages, namely (1) equating identical objects, (2) equating non-identical objects, (3) equating photos or images to objects, (4) equating identical photos/images, (5) classifying photos/images according to the noun, (6) equating symbols to photos/pictures or to real objects, (7) equating symbols to symbols, (8) grouping symbols to photos/pictures or miniature objects according to their categories. The analysis stage is descriptive analysis which displays the results of interviews, observations, and documentation. This research will only describe without any attempt to generate theory or generalize. The results showed that the students' ability in making essays in the form of descriptive text in terms of structure was still not perfect because there was one structure that did not exist, namely the title. In terms of language and writing, there are spelling errors in writing, in compiling simple sentences students are able to recognize basic sentence patterns, and there are limitations of conjunctions that make sentences less cohesive. Students still do not understand the concept of word classes such as adverbs, nouns, adjectives, and action verbs. Keywords: Description text, picture exchange communication, autism.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1). Prof. Dr. Endry Boeriswati, M.Pd. ; 2). N. Lia Marliana, S.Pd.,M.Phil.(Ling.).
Subjects:	Bahasa dan Kesusastraan > Bahasa Indonesia
Divisions:	FBS > S1 Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia
Depositing User:	Users 12463 not found.
Date Deposited:	13 Sep 2021 06:09
Last Modified:	13 Sep 2021 06:09
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/19466

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