PENGARUH TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP DAN EMPLOYEE HAPPINESS TERHADAP EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT DIMEDIASI OLEH WORK MOTIVATION DI BUMN KONSTRUKSI

KURNIA TURRAHMI, . (2026) PENGARUH TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP DAN EMPLOYEE HAPPINESS TERHADAP EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT DIMEDIASI OLEH WORK MOTIVATION DI BUMN KONSTRUKSI. Doktor thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh transformational leadership dan employee happiness terhadap employee engagement dengan work motivation sebagai variabel mediasi pada Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) sektor konstruksi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya meningkatkan employee engagement pada organisasi berbasis proyek yang menghadapi tekanan operasional, target penyelesaian proyek yang ketat, serta dinamika lingkungan bisnis yang semakin kompleks. Penelitian ini mengintegrasikan Employee Engagement Theory, Transformational Leadership Theory, Self-Determination Theory (SDT), dan Positive Psychology sebagai landasan konseptual dalam menjelaskan hubungan antarvariabel. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional survey terhadap 406 karyawan pada lima BUMN sektor konstruksi di Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner berskala Likert lima poin dan dianalisis dengan Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformational leadership tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap work motivation maupun employee engagement. Sebaliknya, employee happiness berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap work motivation serta employee engagement. Selain itu, work motivation berpengaruh positif terhadap employee engagement dan memediasi hubungan antara employee happiness dan employee engagement, namun tidak memediasi hubungan antara transformational leadership dan employee engagement. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoritis melalui pengembangan model yang mereposisikan employee happiness sebagai variabel anteseden dan work motivation sebagai representasi psychological availability dalam pembentukan employee engagement pada organisasi berbasis proyek. Secara praktis, hasil penelitian memberikan rekomendasi bagi BUMN sektor konstruksi untuk memprioritaskan peningkatan kebahagiaan dan motivasi kerja sebagai strategi memperkuat employee engagement serta mendukung kinerja organisasi yang berkelanjutan. ***** This study investigates the influence of transformational leadership and employee happiness on employee engagement, with work motivation serving as a mediating variable in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in the construction sector. The study is motivated by the need to enhance employee engagement in project-based organizations operating under high work pressure, tight project deadlines, and increasingly complex business environments. This study integrates Employee Engagement Theory, Transformational Leadership Theory, Self-Determination Theory (SDT), and Positive Psychology as a conceptual basis in explaining the relationship between variables. A quantitative approach employing a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 406 employees from five Indonesian construction SOEs. Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analysed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that transformational leadership has no significant effect on either work motivation or employee engagement. In contrast, employee happiness has a positive and significant effect on both work motivation and employee engagement. Furthermore, work motivation positively influences employee engagement and mediates the relationship between employee happiness and employee engagement but does not mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and employee engagement. This study contributes to the human resource management literature by repositioning employee happiness as an antecedent of employee engagement and reconceptualizing work motivation as a manifestation of psychological availability in project-based organizations. The findings also provide practical guidance for construction SOEs to strengthen employee engagement through initiatives that enhance employee happiness and work motivation.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doktor)
Additional Information:	1). Promotor: Prof. Dr. Dedi Purwana E.S., M.Bus; 2). Kopromotor: Dr. Agus Wibowo, S.Pd.I., M.Pd.
Subjects:	Manajemen > Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia
Divisions:	PASCASARJANA > S3 Ilmu Manajemen
Depositing User:	Users 34439 not found.
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 01:48
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 01:48
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/67634

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