PERKEMBANGAN MAJALAH API KARTINI DALAM MEMPOPULERKAN SEMANGAT FEMINISME DI INDONESIA (1959-1964)

RAJA TUNGGUL KENNEDY NAPITUPULU, . (2026) PERKEMBANGAN MAJALAH API KARTINI DALAM MEMPOPULERKAN SEMANGAT FEMINISME DI INDONESIA (1959-1964). Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jejak perjuangan organisasi wanita Gerwani dalam memperjuangkan hak perempuan selama periode Demokrasi Terpimpin (1959-1964) melalui majalah Api Kartini. Penelitian dilatarbelakangi minimnya jejak perjuangan gerakan perempuan sosialis di Indonesia akibat dari pelarangan ideologi sayap kiri seperti marxisme, komunisme, dan leninisme yang ditetapkan dalam TAP MPRS XXV/MPRS/1966. Penghancuran jejak yang dilakukan rezim Orde Baru melalui pelarangan peredaran buku-buku, majalah, koran berideologi kiri menyebabkan sejarah perjuangan Gerwani tidak lagi dapat ditemukan dengan mudah. Penelitian ini mengungkap kembali majalah wanita yang pernah menjadi media milik organisasi wanita terbesar di Indonesia dan menjadi bukti fakta bahwa Gerwani pernah berkontestasi dalam perpolitikan Indonesia sambil turun menyelesaikan masalah buruh dan tani di lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis yang bersifat deskriptif naratif dengan lima tahapan, yaitu pemilihan topik, heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Sumber primer yang digunakan adalah Majalah Api Kartini periode 1959-1964 dan Trisula periode 1961-1962. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Api Kartini menjadi media penyiaran kegiatan Gerwani baik dalam kegiatan sosial, perpolitikan, dan hubungan luar negeri. Api Kartini juga mampu merepresentasikan arah politik kaum wanita dan menunjukkan bahwa kaum wanita berperan dalam menentukan nasib negara dengan cara masuk ke dalam parlemen. Selain itu juga Api Kartini merepresentasikan gerakan wanita Indonesia dalam menghimpun dukungan dunia internasional dalam melawan imperialisme dan neo-kolonialisme. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan majalah Trisula sebagai pembanding gerakan wanita mewakili Perwari yang merupakan organisasi wanita di era yang sama. Hasil temuan menunjukkan adanya kemiripan perjuangan organisasi Gerwani dan Perwari dalam membela hak perempuan. Namun dari kesamaan tersebut, terdapat pula perbedaan perjuangan akibat perbedaan ideologi dan pengaruh politik dari kedua organisasi. Dengan demikian jejak perjuangan Gerwani dapat dipahami melalui tulisan dalam majalah Api Kartini.*****This research aims to describe the trace of the struggle of Gerwani, a women's organization, in fighting for women's rights during the Guided Democracy period (1959-1964) through Api Kartini magazine. The research is motivated by the scarcity of traces of the socialist women's movement's struggle in Indonesia as a result of the prohibition of leftist ideologies such as Marxism, Communism, and Leninism, as stipulated in MPRS Decree No. XXV/MPRS/1966. The destruction of historical traces carried out by the New Order regime through the banning of the circulation of leftist-ideology books, magazines, and newspapers has caused the history of Gerwani's struggle to be difficult to find. This research seeks to reveal once again the women's magazine that once served as the media outlet of the largest women's organization in Indonesia, and stands as evidence that Gerwani once contested in Indonesian politics while also working directly to resolve the problems of laborers and farmers in the field. This research employs a historical method that is descriptive-narrative in nature, consisting of five stages: topic selection, heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The primary sources used are Api Kartini Magazine from the 1959-1964 period and Trisula from the 1961-1962 period. The results of the research show that Api Kartini served as a media outlet for broadcasting Gerwani's activities in social affairs, politics, and foreign relations. Api Kartini was also able to represent the political direction of women and demonstrate that women played a role in determining the nation's fate by entering parliament. In addition, Api Kartini represented the Indonesian women's movement in rallying international support against imperialism and neo-colonialism. This research also uses Trisula magazine as a comparison for the women's movement, representing Perwari, a women's organization active during the same era. The findings indicate similarities in the struggles of Gerwani and Perwari organizations in defending women's rights. However, alongside these similarities, there are also differences in their struggles resulting from differing ideologies and political influences between the two organizations. Thus, the trace of Gerwani's struggle can be understood through the writings in Api Kartini magazine.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1). Muhammad Hasmi Yanuardi, S.S., M.Hum. ; 2). Humaidi, S.Pd., M.Hum.
Subjects:	Sejarah Dunia > Sejarah (Umum) Ilmu Sosial > Kondisi Sosial,Masalah Sosial,Reformasi Sosial Sejarah Dunia > Indonesia
Divisions:	FIS > S1 Pendidikan Sejarah
Depositing User:	Users 34090 not found.
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 15:34
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 15:34
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/68003

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