TIME REFERENCE AND TEMPORAL CONCEPTUALIZATION IN THE AGE OF ADALINE (2015)

RASYIQA ZATA LINI, . (2026) TIME REFERENCE AND TEMPORAL CONCEPTUALIZATION IN THE AGE OF ADALINE (2015). Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Time Reference and Temporal Conceptualization in The Age of Adaline (2015). Skripsi: Jakarta, Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Jakarta.Penelitian ini mengkaji referensi temporal dalam dialog dan narasi film The Age of Adaline (2015) dengan menggunakan kerangka teori Hans Reichenbach (1947) yang terdiri atas Speech Time (S), Event Time (E), dan Reference Time (R). Film ini menyajikan alur yang tidak linear dan berpindah-pindah antara berbagai periode kehidupan tokoh utama. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi relasi S–E–R yang muncul serta menjelaskan bagaimana relasi tersebut membentuk konseptualisasi waktu dalam film. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian berupa 137 tuturan yang mengandung referensi temporal dan diambil dari naskah resmi film serta subtitle berbahasa Inggris. Setiap tuturan dianalisis dan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kerangka S–E–R Reichenbach. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan enam relasi temporal dalam data. Relasi yang paling dominan adalah Simple Past (E = R < S) dengan 71 kemunculan (sekitar 51.8%). Relasi ini diikuti oleh Future Reference (S < R = E) sebanyak 34 kemunculan (24.8%), Simple Present (E = R = S) sebanyak 25 kemunculan (18.2%), dan Present Perfect (E < R = S) sebanyak 4 kemunculan (2.9%). Selain itu, ditemukan tiga relasi temporal tambahan yang berada di luar enam konfigurasi utama dalam kerangka sederhana penelitian ini, masing-masing muncul satu kali. Meskipun demikian, ketiga relasi tersebut tetap dapat dijelaskan dalam sistem klasifikasi Reichenbach yang lebih lengkap. Ketiga relasi tersebut dihasilkan oleh konstruksi gramatikal seperti future perfect dan reported speech. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa The Age of Adaline membangun narasinya terutama melalui rujukan terhadap peristiwa masa lalu. Meskipun referensi masa kini dan masa depan juga ditemukan, keduanya lebih berfungsi untuk mendukung struktur naratif yang bersifat retrospektif daripada mengubah orientasi waktu dalam film secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kerangka S–E–R Reichenbach tetap relevan untuk menganalisis referensi temporal dalam dialog dan narasi film, sekaligus memperlihatkan bagaimana bahasa berperan dalam menjaga koherensi cerita yang disusun secara tidak kronologis. **** Time Reference and Temporal Conceptualization in The Age of Adaline (2015). Thesis: Jakarta, English Literature Study Programme, Faculty of Language and Arts, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. This study investigates temporal reference in the dialogue and narration of The Age of Adaline (2015) by applying Hans Reichenbach's (1947) framework of Speech Time (S), Event Time (E), and Reference Time (R). Since the film tells its story through a non-linear narrative that shifts between different periods of Adaline's life, this study aims to identify the S–E–R relations found in the film and explain how they shape its temporal conceptualization. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method. The data consist of 137 utterances containing temporal reference taken from the film's official script and English subtitles. Each utterance was analyzed and classified according to Reichenbach's S–E–R framework. The analysis identified six temporal relations in the data. The most frequent relation is Simple Past (E = R < S), which appears 71 times (approximately 51.8%). It is followed by Future Reference (S < R = E) with 34 occurrences (24.8%), Simple Present (E = R = S) with 25 occurrences (18.2%), and Present Perfect (E < R = S) with 4 occurrences (2.9%). In addition, three further temporal relations were identified beyond the six main configurations addressed in this study's simplified framework, each occurring once. Although not part of the simplified six-relation table, these patterns remain explainable within Reichenbach's fuller classification system as documented by Comrie (1985). They result from grammatical constructions such as the future perfect and reported speech. The findings suggest that The Age of Adaline builds its narrative mainly through references to past events. Although present and future references also appear, they mainly support the film's retrospective narrative rather than shift its overall temporal orientation. Overall, this study shows that Reichenbach's S–E–R framework remains a useful approach for analyzing temporal reference in film dialogue and narration, while also illustrating how language helps maintain coherence in a non-linear narrative.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1). Nurina Azyyati, S.Hum., M.Hum.; 2). Muhammad Dirgantara Esa Valentino Am, S.S., M.A.
Subjects:	Bahasa dan Kesusastraan > Bahasa Inggris
Divisions:	FBS > S1 Sastra Inggris
Depositing User:	Rasyiqa Zata Lini .
Date Deposited:	20 Aug 2026 01:47
Last Modified:	20 Aug 2026 01:47
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/72413

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