MEKANISME PENGHAMBATAN KHAMIR ASAL FERMENTASI BIJI KAKAO TERHADAP KAPANG PATOGEN PADA BUAH KAKAO

ALLIKA FIRHANDINI, . (2022) MEKANISME PENGHAMBATAN KHAMIR ASAL FERMENTASI BIJI KAKAO TERHADAP KAPANG PATOGEN PADA BUAH KAKAO. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Indonesia mengalami penurunan produksi kakao yang disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, diantaranya karena serangan penyakit akibat kapang. Pengendalian secara kimia menggunakan fungisida akan menyebabkan masalah serius terhadap kesehatan dan memiliki efek buruk terhadap keberlanjutan agro-ekosistem. Alternatif pengganti fungisida salah satunya dengan penggunaan khamir sebagai agen hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui isolat khamir asal fermentasi biji kakao koleksi Universitas Negeri Jakarta Culture Collection (UNJCC) yang berpotensi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan kapang patogen pada buah kakao dan mekanisme penghambatannya. Seluruh isolat uji dilakukan identifikasi molekuler dan analisis berdasarkan daerah ITS untuk isolat kapang dan daerah D1/D2 untuk khamir pada proses PCR serta karakterisasi morfologi. Pengujian yang dilakukan berupa uji antagonis dengan teknik kultur ganda, uji aktivitas senyawa volatil dengan teknik cawan petri seragam, dan deteksi senyawa killer toxin. Data hasil pengujian dianalisis menggunakan Anava satu arah dan uji Chi-square. Identifikasi molekular dan karakterisasi morfologi, uji antagonis, uji aktivitas hambat senyawa volatil, serta deteksi killer toxin dilakukan pada 4 isolat khamir koleksi UNJCC. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa isolat khamir UNJCC Y-158, UNJCC Y-159, UNJCC Y-160, UNJCC Y-161 berturut-turut merupakan Rhodotorula alborubescens, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, dan Pichia kudriavzevii. Sebanyak 4 isolat khamir (UNJCC Y-158, UNJCC Y-159, UNJCC Y-160, UNJCC Y-161) memiliki potensi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan kapang F. decemcellulare UNJCC F9, F. solani UNJCC F18, dan C. siamense UNJCC F14 melalui uji antagonis dan uji senyawa volatil. Pada uji antagonis penghambatan terbaik terhadap kapang F. decemcellulare UNJCC F9 dan F. solani UNJCC F18 dihasilkan oleh khamir P. kudriavzevii Y-160, sedangkan penghambatan terbaik terhadap kapang C. siamense UNJCC F14 dihasilkan khamir P. kudriavzevii Y-160 dan P. kudriavzevii Y-161. Pada uji volatil penghambatan terbaik terhadap kapang F. decemcellulare UNJCC F9 dihasilkan oleh khamir M. guilliermondii Y-159, P. kudriavzevii Y-160 dan P. kudriavzevii Y-161. Penghambatan terbaik terhadap kapang F. solani UNJCC F18 dihasilkan khamir P. kudriavzevii Y-160, sedangkan sedangkan penghambatan terbaik terhadap kapang C. siamense UNJCC F14 dihasilkan khamir P. kudriavzevii Y-160 dan P. kudriavzevii Y-161. Dua isolat khamir UNJCC Y-160, UNJCC Y-161 mampu memproduksi killer toxin terhadap kapang F. decemcellulare UNJCC F9 dan F. solani UNJCC F18 melalui deteksi senyawa killer toxin. **************************************** Decreasing of cacao production in Indonesia caused by several things, including disease attacks that caused by the molds. Chemical fungicides caused serious health problem and affect the sustainability of agro-ecosystem. The alternative fungicides are the use of yeast as a biological agent. This study aimed to determine the yeast isolates from cacao bean fermentation from the State University of Jakarta Culture Collection (UNJCC) which have the potential to inhibit the growth of pathogenic molds on cacao pods and the mechanism of their inhibition. All test isolates were subjected to molecular identification and analysis based on the ITS area for mold isolates and the D1/D2 region for yeast in the PCR process as well as morphological characterization. The tests carried out were antagonistic test using multiple culture technique, activity test for volatile compounds using uniform petri dish technique, and detection of killer toxin compounds. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Chi-square test. Molecular identification and morphological characterization, antagonist test, inhibitory activity test of volatile compounds, and detection of killer toxin were carried out on 4 yeast isolates from the UNJCC collection. The identification results showed that the yeast isolates UNJCC Y-158, UNJCC Y-159, UNJCC Y-160, UNJCC Y-161 were Rhodotorula alborubescens, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, and Pichia kudriavzevii, respectively. A total of 4 yeast isolates (UNJCC Y-158, UNJCC Y-159, UNJCC Y-160, UNJCC Y-161) had the potential to inhibit the growth of molds F. decemcellulare UNJCC F9, F. solani UNJCC F18, and C. siamense UNJCC F14. Based on antagonism test, Pichia kudriavzevii UNJCC Y-160 had the best inhibiton against F. decemcellulare UNJCC F9 dan F. solani UNJCC F18, while the best inhibition against C. siamense UNJCC F14 produced by P. kudriavzevii UNJCC Y-160 and P. kudriavzevii UNJCC Y-161. Based on volatile test, the best inhibition against F. decemcellulare UNJCC F9 produced by M. guilliermondii Y-159, P. kudriavzevii Y-160 and P. kudriavzevii Y-161, while the best inhibition against F. solani UNJCC F18 produced by P. kudriavzevii UNJCC Y-160. The best inhibition against C. siamense UNJCC F14 produced by P. kudriavzevii UNJCC Y-160 and P. kudriavzevii UNJCC Y-161. Two isolates of yeast UNJCC Y-160, UNJCC Y-161 were able to produce killer toxins against fungi F. decemcellulare UNJCC F9 and F. solani UNJCC F18 through detection of killer toxin compounds.

Item Type: Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information: 1). Dr. Dalia Sukmawati, M.Si. ; 2). Dr. Dwi Ningsih Susilowati, S.TP, M.Si,
Subjects: Sains > Ilmu Bumi > Biologi
Divisions: FMIPA > S1 Biologi
Depositing User: sawung yudo
Date Deposited: 28 Oct 2024 01:56
Last Modified: 28 Oct 2024 01:56
URI: http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/51758

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