ANALISIS KONSEKUENSI BAHAYA TOXIC VAPOUR CLOUD AKIBAT TUMPAHAN BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK PADA PROSES TRANSFER BBM DI SPBU XYZ

Virgilius Veto Hermawan, . (2026) ANALISIS KONSEKUENSI BAHAYA TOXIC VAPOUR CLOUD AKIBAT TUMPAHAN BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK PADA PROSES TRANSFER BBM DI SPBU XYZ. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Kegagalan integritas mekanik dan kesalahan operasional pada proses transfer BBM di SPBU XYZ berpotensi memicu pelepasan bahan bakar yang membentuk toxic vapour cloud (TVC). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis akar penyebab kegagalan penyaluran, memodelkan penyebaran uap isooktana sebagai surrogate fuel, mengevaluasi kecukupan jarak aman, serta merumuskan strategi mitigasi terintegrasi. Metode yang digunakan meliputi Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) kualitatif, analisis arah angin dengan wind rose (WRPLOT View), serta simulasi dispersi ALOHA (heavy gas model). Sesuai keterbatasan penelitian dan asumsi pemodelan, simulasi menghasilkan proyeksi dua dimensi (2D) pada permukaan datar tanpa memperhitungkan hambatan fisik sekitar. Hasil FTA menunjukkan kebocoran dipicu kerusakan gravity coupler dan camlock coupling akibat material modifikasi nonstandar serta perilaku operasional berisiko. Pada Skenario 1 (worst case), jangkauan zona ancaman mencapai radius PAC-3 (20 m), PAC-2 (58 m), dan PAC-1 (127 m) dengan durasi evaporasi genangan berlangsung selama 39 menit. Pola sebaran uap bergerak mengikuti angin dominan ke arah Barat dan Barat Daya. Evaluasi spasial Google Earth menunjukkan area office (5 m) dan parkir pengunjung (19 m) konsisten berada dalam zona bahaya mengancam jiwa (PAC-3), menandakan jarak aman aktual belum memadai. Strategi mitigasi mencakup pencegahan melalui pemulihan fungsi asli komponen, mitigasi konsekuensi via prioritas zonasi, serta respons darurat berupa jalur evakuasi menjauhi arah angin dan penentuan tiga titik kumpul aman di luar radius 127 m. Kata Kunci: ALOHA, Fault Tree Analysis, Isooktana, Mitigasi, Toxic Vapour Cloud /**** Mechanical integrity failures and operational errors during the fuel transfer process at SPBU XYZ have the potential to trigger fuel releases, forming a toxic vapour cloud (TVC). This study aims to analyze the root causes of delivery system failures, model the dispersion of isooctane vapour as a surrogate fuel, evaluate safe distance adequacy, and formulate an integrated mitigation strategy. Methods employed include qualitative Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), wind direction analysis using wind rose (WRPLOT View), and ALOHA dispersion simulation (heavy gas model). In accordance with research limitations and modeling assumptions, the simulation yields a two-dimensional (2D) threat zone projection on a flat surface without accounting for surrounding physical obstructions. The FTA results indicate that leaks are triggered by damage to the gravity coupler and camlock coupling due to non-standard modification materials and risky operational behaviors. In Scenario 1 (worst case), the threat zone reaches a PAC-3 radius of 20 m, PAC-2 of 58 m, and PAC-1 of 127 m, with a pool evaporation duration of 39 minutes. The vapour dispersion pattern moves downwind toward the West and Southwest. Spatial evaluation via Google Earth shows that the office area (5 m) and visitor parking area (19 m) are consistently within the life-threatening hazard zone (PAC-3), indicating that actual safe distances are inadequate. Formulated mitigation strategies cover prevention through component restoration, consequence mitigation via priority zoning, and emergency response involving evacuation routes away from the wind direction and three safe assembly points outside the 127-meter radius. Keywords: ALOHA, Fault Tree Analysis, Isooctane, Mitigation, Toxic Vapour Cloud

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1) . Pratomo Setyadi, S.T., M.T. 2) . Ilman Arpi, S.T., M.T.
Subjects:	Teknologi dan Ilmu Terapan > Teknik Sipil Teknologi dan Ilmu Terapan > Teknik Lingkungan, Teknik Sanitasi Teknologi dan Ilmu Terapan > Teknik Kimia
Divisions:	FT > S1 Rekayasa Keselamatan Kebakaran
Depositing User:	Virgilius Veto Hermawan .
Date Deposited:	05 Oct 2026 04:39
Last Modified:	05 Oct 2026 04:39
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/74026

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