REVOLUSI KEBUDAYAAN DALAM SURAT KABAR HARIAN RAKJAT ERA DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN: KAJIAN WACANA KRITIS NORMAN FAIRCLOUGH

ARRNETO BAYLISS WIBOWO, . (2026) REVOLUSI KEBUDAYAAN DALAM SURAT KABAR HARIAN RAKJAT ERA DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN: KAJIAN WACANA KRITIS NORMAN FAIRCLOUGH. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Arrneto Bayliss Wibowo. 2026. Revolusi Kebudayaan dalam Surat Kabar Harian Rakjat Era Demokrasi Terpimpin: Kajian Wacana Kritis Norman Fairclough. Skripsi, Program Studi Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membongkar operasi wacana kebudayaan dan strategi ideologis dalam surat kabar Harian Rakjat pada era Demokrasi Terpimpin (1959–1965). Sebagai organ resmi Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) dan Lembaga Kebudayaan Rakyat (Lekra), Harian Rakjat berfungsi sebagai aparatus ideologis yang mengonstruksi realitas revolusi kebudayaan di bawah panji Manipol USDEK. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan Analisis Wacana Kritis model Norman Fairclough. Secara bertahap, metodologi yang digunakan adalah kriteria analisis wacana kritis, praktik diskursif, dan praktik sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya evolusi strategi wacana yang terbagi dalam tiga fase. Fase I (1959–1961) ditandai dengan strategi naturalisasi, di mana metafora organik digunakan untuk mengonstruksi ideologi organisasi sebagai fenomena alamiah sejarah. Fase II (1962–1963) bergeser pada polarisasi antagonistik yang membelah masyarakat ke dalam rantai ekuivalensi kawan-lawan. Fase III (1964–1965) memuncak pada radikalisasi dan militerisasi bahasa, di mana wacana menjadi ofensif sebagai bentuk kompensasi fantasi ideologis atas keretakan realitas sosial. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa bahasa dalam Harian Rakjat adalah arena pertarungan kuasa yang berhasil melakukan interpelasi subjek rakyat, namun mengalami kegagalan akibat isolasi diskursif dan ketidakmampuan wacana menutupi kontradiksi realitas politik tahun 1965. Kata Kunci: Harian Rakjat, Analisis Wacana Kritis, Revolusi Kebudayaan, Demokrasi Terpimpin, Manipol USDEK, Hegemoni. ***** Arrneto Bayliss Wibowo. 2026. Cultural Revolution In Harian Rakjat Newspaper During The Guided Democracy Era: A Critical Discourse Study By Norman Fairclough. Undergraduate Thesis, Indonesian Literature Study Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Jakarta. This study aims to dismantle the operations of cultural discourse and ideological strategies within the Harian Rakjat newspaper during the Guided Democracy era (1959–1965). As the official organ of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and the Institute for the People's Culture (Lekra), Harian Rakjat functioned as an ideological apparatus constructing the reality of the cultural revolution under the banner of Manipol USDEK. This research employs a qualitative method using Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis model. Systematically, the methodology encompasses the criteria of critical discourse analysis, discursive practice, and social practice. The findings indicate an evolution of discourse strategies divided into three phases. Phase I (1959–1961) is characterized by a strategy of naturalization, where organic metaphors were utilized to construct organizational ideology as a natural historical phenomenon. Phase II (1962–1963) shifted toward antagonistic polarization, dividing society into a chain of equivalence of friends versus enemies. Phase III (1964–1965) culminated in the radicalization and militarization of language, where discourse became offensive as a form of ideological fantasy compensating for the fractured social reality. This study concludes that language in Harian Rakjat served as an arena of power struggle that successfully interpellated the subject of the people, yet ultimately failed due to discursive isolation and the inability of the discourse to conceal the contradictions of the political reality of 1965. Keywords: Harian Rakjat, Critical Discourse Analysis, Cultural Revolution, Guided Democracy, Manipol USDEK, Hegemony

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1). Dr. Irsyad Ridho, S.Pd., M.Hum. 2). Dr. Saifur Rohman, M.Hum.
Subjects:	Karya Umum > Jurnalisme, Media Berita, Penerbitan Bahasa dan Kesusastraan > Kesusastraan > Sastra Indonesia
Divisions:	FBS > S1 Sastra Indonesia
Depositing User:	Arrneto Bayliss Wibowo .
Date Deposited:	18 Feb 2026 03:24
Last Modified:	18 Feb 2026 03:24
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/65389

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