RETNO MUTIASARY, . (2026) ANALISIS PEMAHAMAN MASYARAKAT MISKIN TENTANG HAK BANTUAN HUKUM GRATIS (Studi Kualitatif di RW 027, Kelurahan Baktijaya, Kota Depok). Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi pemahaman masyarakat miskin mengenai hak bantuan hukum gratis serta menganalisis pemahaman masyarakat miskin tentang hak bantuan hukum gratis di RW 027 Kelurahan Baktijaya, Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Januari hingga Juni 2026. Subjek dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas 15 orang masyarakat miskin sebagai informan, satu orang Ketua RW 027 sebagai key informan, dan satu orang dosen hukum Universitas Negeri Jakarta sebagai expert opinion. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara semi terstruktur dan dokumentasi, sedangkan keabsahan data diuji menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman hukum masyarakat miskin mengenai hak bantuan hukum gratis dilatarbelakangi oleh faktor informasi, pendidikan, ekonomi, pengalaman, dan lingkungan sosial. Faktor informasi menjadi faktor utama karena sebagian besar masyarakat belum pernah memperoleh informasi mengenai bantuan hukum gratis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keterkaitan kelima faktor tersebut membentuk karakteristik pemahaman masyarakat yang lebih berkembang pada aspek yang bersifat konseptual dibandingkan aspek yang bersifat prosedural. Pada aspek isi, masyarakat pada umumnya telah memahami pengertian, pihak penerima, dan jenis permasalahan hukum yang dapat memperoleh bantuan hukum gratis meskipun masih terdapat pemahaman yang belum sepenuhnya tepat. Pada aspek tujuan dan manfaat, masyarakat memahami layanan ini bertujuan memberi pendampingan dan akses keadilan serta meringankan beban biaya penyelesaian masalah hukum. Namun, masyarakat belum memahami secara utuh persyaratan, lembaga penyedia, dan prosedur untuk memperoleh bantuan hukum sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2011 tentang Bantuan Hukum. Kondisi tersebut berimplikasi pada belum optimalnya pemanfaatan hak bantuan hukum gratis karena masyarakat belum memiliki pemahaman yang memadai mengenai mekanisme untuk mengakses layanan tersebut. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman masyarakat miskin cenderung lebih kuat pada aspek konseptual dibandingkan aspek prosedural, sehingga masyarakat memahami hak bantuan hukum pada aspek yang bersifat umum, tetapi belum memiliki pemahaman yang memadai mengenai mekanisme dan prosedur untuk mengakses hak tersebut. ***** This study aims to describe the factors underlying the poor community's understanding of the right to free legal aid and to analyze poor communities' understanding of the right to free legal aid in RW 027, Baktijaya Urban Village, Depok City. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, conducted from January to June 2026. The subjects in this study consisted of 15 poor community members as informants, the Head of RW 027 as the key informant, and a law lecturer from Universitas Negeri Jakarta as an expert opinion. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews and documentation, while data validity was tested using source triangulation. Data analysis techniques utilized data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the legal understanding of poor communities regarding the right to free legal aid is influenced by factors of information, education, economic conditions, experience, and the social environment. Information emerged as the primary factor, as most community members had never received information about free legal aid. The analysis further revealed that the interrelationship among these five factors shaped a pattern of understanding that was more developed in the conceptual aspect than in the procedural aspect. In terms of content, community members generally understood the definition of free legal aid, the eligible recipients, and the types of legal problems that qualify for free legal assistance, although some misconceptions were still identified. Regarding its objectives and benefits, the community understood that free legal aid is intended to provide legal assistance and access to justice, as well as to reduce the financial burden associated with resolving legal problems. However, community members did not fully understand the requirements, legal aid providers, and procedures for obtaining legal aid as stipulated in Law Number 16 of 2011 on Legal Aid. This condition has implications for the suboptimal utilization of the right to free legal aid, as community members do not yet possess adequate understanding of the mechanisms for accessing such services. The conclusion of this study shows that the understanding of poor communities tends to be stronger in the conceptual aspect than in the procedural aspect. Consequently, community members understand the right to free legal aid in general terms, but they do not yet have an adequate understanding of the mechanisms and procedures required to access that right.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
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| Additional Information: | 1). Dwi Afrimetty Timoera, S.H., M.H; 2). Dr. Sanusi, S.H., M.H. |
| Subjects: | Hukum > Hukum (Umum) Hukum > Hak Asasi Manusia Ilmu Sosial > Kewarganegaraan |
| Divisions: | FIS > S1 Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan |
| Depositing User: | Retno Mutiasary . |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Aug 2026 06:38 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Aug 2026 06:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/73060 |
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