Hegemoni Kekuasaan dalam Novel "Zayni Barakat" Karya Gamal al-Ghitani

AHMAD FAQIH AMINUDDIN, . (2026) Hegemoni Kekuasaan dalam Novel "Zayni Barakat" Karya Gamal al-Ghitani. Sarjana thesis, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap berbagai wujud hegemoni dalam novel Zayni Barakat karya Gamal al-Ghitani, menganalisis peran tokoh dan institusi dalam membangun serta mempertahankan hegemoni, serta menjelaskan dampaknya terhadap pembentukan kesadaran masyarakat dan cara pandang masyarakat terhadap kekuasaan, kepatuhan, dan struktur sosial. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sastra yang menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiologi sastra serta berlandaskan teori hegemoni Antonio Gramsci. Sumber data penelitian berupa novel Zayni Barakat, sedangkan data penelitian berupa kutipan-kutipan naratif yang mengandung praktik hegemoni. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik baca dan catat, kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan konsep-konsep teori hegemoni, yaitu masyarakat politik (political society), masyarakat sipil (civil society), persetujuan (consent), paksaan (coercion), intelektual organik, dan kontra-hegemoni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa novel tersebut menggambarkan hegemoni sebagai suatu proses yang berlangsung secara bertahap, dimulai dari pembentukan legitimasi serta penyebaran wacana dan nilai-nilai yang mendorong masyarakat memberikan persetujuan (consent) terhadap kekuasaan penguasa, kemudian diperkuat apabila diperlukan melalui mekanisme paksaan (coercion) yang dijalankan oleh institusi negara untuk mempertahankan dominasinya. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa tokoh dan institusi, terutama lembaga negara, lembaga keagamaan, serta sebagian kaum intelektual, memiliki peran penting dalam membangun wacana yang memperkuat hegemoni sekaligus membentuk kesadaran masyarakat sesuai dengan kepentingan kekuasaan. Di sisi lain, novel ini juga menampilkan munculnya kontra-hegemoni melalui tokoh dan peristiwa yang mengungkap kontradiksi kekuasaan serta berupaya melawan dominasinya. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hegemoni bukanlah suatu kondisi yang bersifat tetap, melainkan proses sosial yang dapat dipertahankan, dipertentangkan, dan dibentuk kembali. Selain itu, praktik-praktik tersebut turut memengaruhi cara pandang masyarakat terhadap kekuasaan, kepatuhan, dan hubungan sosial. ***** This study aims to reveal the manifestations of hegemony represented in Gamal al-Ghitani's novel Zayni Barakat, analyze the roles of characters and institutions in constructing and maintaining hegemony, and explain its impact on the formation of social consciousness and society's perception of power, obedience, and social structure. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method using the sociology of literature approach and was grounded in Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony. The data source was the novel Zayni Barakat by Gamal al-Ghitani, while the research data consisted of narrative excerpts representing hegemonic practices. The data were collected through reading and note-taking techniques and analyzed using the key concepts of Gramsci's theory of hegemony, including political society, civil society, consent, coercion, organic intellectuals, and counter-hegemony. The findings indicate that Zayni Barakat represents hegemony as a process established through the construction of legitimacy, the dissemination of discourse, and the promotion of values that encourage society to give its consent to the ruling power. When legitimacy alone is no longer sufficient, power is reinforced through coercive mechanisms exercised by state institutions to preserve its dominance. The study also demonstrates that characters and institutions, particularly state institutions, religious institutions, and certain intellectuals, play significant roles in producing and disseminating discourses that support the interests of the ruling group and shape social consciousness. On the other hand, the novel portrays the emergence of counter-hegemony through characters and events that challenge the legitimacy of power and resist established domination. These findings suggest that hegemony is not a fixed condition but a dynamic social process that is continuously constructed, maintained, and contested.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Additional Information:	1). Prof. Dr. Nuruddin, M.A; 2). Mia Mutmainah, M.Hum.
Subjects:	Bahasa dan Kesusastraan > Bahasa Arab
Divisions:	FBS > S1 Pendidikan Bahasa Arab
Depositing User:	Ahmad Faqih Aminuddin .
Date Deposited:	02 Sep 2026 06:24
Last Modified:	02 Sep 2026 06:24
URI:	http://repository.unj.ac.id/id/eprint/73644

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